The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multiple Personality as a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Abstract
This article examines multiple or dissociative personality syndrome as a multiple post-traumatic stress disorder, discussing these patient's developmental histories, their high hypnotizability, and their profound capacity to dissociate spontaneously to protect themselves from emotional and physical pain.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“On this basis, many clinicians regard DID as a complex manifestation of post -traumatic stress disorder (Spiegel, 1984).”
From Examining the linguistic and behavioural patterns of gender identity in women with dissociative identity disorder (2025) · cites this paper as Spiegel, 1984
Citations
Cites
The nature of hypnosis: Artifact and essence.
Orne, M. T. (1959) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046128 · Cited by 920
THE MAJOR SYMPTOMS OF HYSTERIA
Janet, P. F. M. (1921) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-192104000-00028 · Cited by 582
Orne, M. T., & Hilgard, E. R. (1966) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421316 · Cited by 391
Trance and Treatment: Clinical Uses of Hypnosis
Werman, D. S. (1979) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1979.33.2.317 · Cited by 343
Krystal, H. (1978) · The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child · doi:10.1080/00797308.1978.11822973 · Cited by 334
Multiple Personalities: A Report of 14 Cases With Implications for Schizophrenia and Hysteria
Bliss, E. L. (1980) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780250074009 · Cited by 261
The Dissociation of a Personality
Jastrow, J., & Prince, M. (1906) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1412397 · Cited by 221
Greaves, G. (1980) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198010000-00001 · Cited by 181
The grade 5 syndrome: The highly hypnotizable person
Spiegel, H. (1974) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207147408413010 · Cited by 118
Personal identity, multiple personality, and hypnosis
Sutcliffe, J. P., & Jones, J. G. (1962) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207146208415885 · Cited by 94
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Spiegel, D.: Hypnosis in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders. Psychiatr. Ann., in press, 1984.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Childhood traumas: an outline and overview
Terr, L. C. (1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.1.10 · Cited by 2,281
Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences.
Waller, N., Putnam, F. W., & Carlson, E. B. (1996) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.3.300 · Cited by 894
Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation.
Dalenberg, C. J., Brand, B. L., Gleaves, D. H., Dorahy, M. J., Loewenstein, R. J., Cardeña, E., Frewen, P. A., Carlson, E. B., & Spiegel, D. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027447 · Cited by 667
Self-citationDisintegrated experience: The dissociative disorders revisited.
Spiegel, D., & Cardeña, E. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.3.366 · Cited by 563
Self-citationKoopman, C., Classen, C. C., & Spiegel, D. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.6.888 · Cited by 532
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Spiegel, D.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spiegel, David
- ORCID
- Spiegel, David
- Venue
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1984-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 101-110
- ISSN
- 0193-953X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1725134643
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- dissociative identity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation, hypnotic susceptibility, developmental history, trauma
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Diseases in Twins, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Hypnosis, Male, Dissociative Identity Disorder, Psychotherapy, Rape, Regression, Psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review