The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The file: agency, authority, and autography in an Islamabad bureaucracy
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Like other bureaucratic objects (Bubant 2009; Hull 2003; Riles 2007; Veesman 2008), the pink card has an indissoluble, brutal materiality.”
From The Governance of Things: Documenting Limbo in the Greek Asylum Procedure (2012) · cites this paper as Hull 2003
Citations
Cites
Introduction: commodities and the politics of value
Appadurai, A. (1986) · The Social Life of Things · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819582.003 · Cited by 4,001 · cited 4×
“As Mauss was among the first to observe, the significance of many artifacts from Persian carpets (Spooner, 1986) to Massim kula shells (Munn, 1983) are deeply embedded in their histories: how they were made, who has acquired them and how, how they have been used, and so forth (Appadurai, 1986).”
BackgroundInfluentialGenre, Intertextuality, and Social Power
Briggs, C. L., & Bauman, R. (1992) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1525/jlin.1992.2.2.131 · Cited by 1,167
Literacy, Emotion and Authority: Reading and Writing on a Polynesian Atoll
Besnier, N. (1995) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511519864 · Cited by 232
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Agha, 1994, Honorification, Annual Review of Anthropology, 23, 277, 10.1146/annurev.an.23.100194.001425 · DOI
- Hull, M., 2003. Paper Travails: Bureaucracy, Graphic Artifacts, and the Built Environment in the Islamabad/Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area, 1959–1998. Dissertation, The University of Chicago, Chicago.
- Kelly, 1990, History, structure, and ritual, Annual Review of Anthropology, 19, 119, 10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001003 · DOI
- Ortner, 1984, Theory in Anthropology Since the 1960s, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 26, 126, 10.1017/S0010417500010811 · DOI
- Parmentier, 1997, The Pragmatic Semiotics of Culture, Semiotica, 116, 1
- Sampson, 1983, Bureaucracy and corruption as anthropological problems, Folk, 25, 63
- Saumarez Smith, 1985, Rule-by-records and rule-by-reports, Contributions to Indian Sociology 19 (1), 53
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–197 of 197
Shades of Empire: Police Photography in German South-West Africa
Rizzo, L. (2013) · Visual Anthropology · doi:10.1080/08949468.2013.804701 · Cited by 7
“A similar argument has been made, following Max Weber, with regard to written documents as technologies of bureaucracy [Hull 2003]. 37. Filed in NAN ZBU 751G II A 3, Fahndungsblätter. Fahndungsblatt is best translated as Police Gazette, though it literally means ‘‘manhunt publication.’’ 38. I use the concept of visual…”
BackgroundInfluentialLele, V. P. (2009) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2009.01021.x · Cited by 10
Museum Audience’s Texts: Toward a Contextual Conceptual Reading
Noy, C. (2020) · Visitor Studies · doi:10.1080/10645578.2020.1865090 · Cited by 6
“Signatures are taken to be physically (indexically) connected to their signers – what anthropologist Hull (2003, p. 295) calls the “ inimitable biomechanical act of signing ” – thus possessing a special value as an authentic personal contribution and evidence of audience ’ s actual presence onsite.”
BackgroundButt, W. H. (2020) · Anthropology of Work Review · doi:10.1111/awr.12196 · Cited by 5
Intersectionality, Affect and Discourse
Mortensen, K. K., & Milani, T. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.020 · Cited by 4
Des papiers pour soigner, résister et discipliner. Artefacts graphiques à l’hôpital au Cameroun
Tantchou, J. (2018) · doi:10.4000/anthropologiesante.2918 · Cited by 6
TOUR DIARIES AND ITINERANT GOVERNANCE IN THE EASTERN HIMALAYAS, 1909–1962*
Guyot-Réchard, B. (2017) · Historical-Philological Journal · doi:10.1017/s0018246x17000073 · Cited by 6
Reluctant Bureaucracy: Accounts, Narrative, and Negotiation in Serbian High School Classrooms
George, R. (2016) · doi:10.1111/plar.12171 · Cited by 6
Paz, A. I. (2016) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2016.01.002 · Cited by 21
“At the same moment, a bureaucratic and legal instrument arose to rationalize for institutional recognition that public opinion: like the scouts discussed above, each child needed to produce a file, a semiotic technology (Hull, 2003), to substantiate their biographies in Israel.”
BackgroundVoices on display: Handwriting, paper, and authenticity, from museums to social network sites
Noy, C. (2019) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/1354856519880141 · Cited by 6
“(p. 81) Scholars in anthropology and communication find that handwriting uniquely establishes ‘a semiotic relation between a specific individual and a specific graphic form, produced, crucially, by an ostensibly inimitable biomechanical act’ (Hull, 2003: 295).”
BackgroundPosthumanism and Its Implications for Discourse Studies
Lamb, G., & Higgins, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.017 · Cited by 11
Poststructuralist Discourse Studies: From Structure to Practice
Angermüller, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.012 · Cited by 12
Seeking signs of transparency: audit, materiality, and monuments to active citizenship in New Delhi
Webb, M. (2019) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/1467-9655.13129 · Cited by 5
When the Street Disappears: Eminent Domain, Redevelopment, and the Dissociative State
Snajdr, E. K., & Trinch, S. L. (2018) · PoLAR Political and Legal Anthropology Review · doi:10.1111/plar.12238 · Cited by 5
The “Right Paper”: Developing Legal Literacy in a Legal Self-Help Clinic
Bertenthal, A. (2017) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1111/lsi.12267 · Cited by 5
The Making of the National Film Archive of India: Notes from the Archive of the Archive
Kumar, R. (2013) · doi:10.5749/movingimage.13.1.0098 · Cited by 5
Collins, J. (2012) · International Journal of Cultural Property · doi:10.1017/s0940739112000264 · Cited by 8
Where Governmentality Ends: Border Control Officers and Deportations of Sojourners in Israel
Korczyn, O. (2011) · International Labor and Working-Class History · doi:10.1017/s014754791000027x · Cited by 5
“Files, be they paper or computer, represent the modern form of control of both individuals and nations.(39) The information stored in the files contains not only the rules and regulations, but also, and perhaps more importantly, data on individuals, both 98 ILWCH, 79, Spring 2011”
Background‘Creature of statute’: Legal bureaucracy and the performance of professionalism in Johannesburg
Bolt, M. (2022) · Critique of Anthropology · doi:10.1177/0308275x221139163 · Cited by 4
“If documents diffuse bureaucrats’ agency (M Hull, 2003), legislation positions officials’ difficult decisions as a direct outworking of legalistic reasoning.”
BackgroundThe making and UN-making of consensus: Institutional inertia in the UNESCO World Heritage Committee
Liuzza, C. (2021) · International Journal of Cultural Property · doi:10.1017/s0940739121000175 · Cited by 4
“23 Hull 2003.”
Cognitive Linguistic and Experimental Methods in Critical Discourse Studies
Hart, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.010 · Cited by 22
Rhetorics, Discourse and Populist Politics
Rheindorf, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.029 · Cited by 10
Arab students and the Stasi: Agents and objects of intelligence
Hoffmann, S. (2020) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010620904305 · Cited by 2
“…literature on bureaucratic government within state institutions and critical analyses of the role of bureaucracy within modern government (Barnett and Finnemore, 1999; Bierschenk and Olivier de Sardan, 2014; Hull, 2003; Kafka, 2012; Laiz and Schlichte, 2016; Miller and Rose, 2008; Schlichte, 2015).”
BackgroundSteinberg, J. (2015) · doi:10.1080/00141844.2013.822903 · Cited by 4
“…sort of legal non-person, without name or family, without the records (or even, of course, the age) so crucial to exist in or under a state (see Hull’s 2012 Government of Paper and Hull 2003); later he becomes a subject by virtue of circulation through frames of media and law, but never a citizen.”
BackgroundEmbodying epistemicity: Negotiating (un)certainty through semiotic objects
Klein, G., Dossou, K. M., & Pasquandrea, S. (2014) · doi:10.1075/ds.25.11kle · Cited by 4
Blowing specific words: verbal charms as material suspended events
Siragusa, L., & Zhukova, O. (2020) · Multilingua · doi:10.1515/multi-2020-0049 · Cited by 3
The Critical Analysis of Genre and Social Action
Björkvall, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.028 · Cited by 5
Zavala, V., & Back, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.025 · Cited by 9
Registers, Styles, Indexicality
Moore, R. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.002 · Cited by 7
Situating Discourse Analysis in Ethnographic and Sociopolitical Context
Roth‐Gordon, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.003 · Cited by 13
Lhost, E. (2019) · Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient · doi:10.1163/15685209-12341499 · Cited by 3
Discourse and Religion in Educational Practice
Lytra, V. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.027 · Cited by 2
Making State Violence Visible: Documenting, Investigating and Denouncing Atrocities
Bernasconi, O., & Elizabeth Lira, K. (2019) · Resistance to Political Violence in Latin America · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17046-2_5 · Cited by 3
Inheritance in the Archive: Law and the Everyday in Twentieth-Century Hyderabad
Lhost, E. (2026) · Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East · doi:10.1215/1089201x-12354801 · Cited by 2
The Hill at the End of the World: Cosmopolitics and State Effects in the Bolivian Amazon
Sturtevant, C. (2021) · Ethnos · doi:10.1080/00141844.2021.2007157 · Cited by 1
“Dozens of authors have explored how the state ’ s claims to a monologic modernity disintegrate when examined closely (Taussig 1992, 1997; Lund 2001; Aretxaga 2003; Hull 2003; Das 2004; Nuijten 2004; Poole 2004; Harvey 2005; Navaro-Yashin 2007; Pinker & Harvey 2015).”
BackgroundBortolotto, C. (2021) · L’Espace géographique · doi:10.3917/eg.494.0319 · Cited by 2
“No One is Poor in Himachal”: Cultivating Stateless Agency in an Indian Village Assembly
Carlan, H. (2021) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12299 · Cited by 2
Historicity, Interdiscursivity and Intertextuality in Discourse Studies
Fabrício, B. F., & Lopes, L. P. D. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.005 · Cited by 5
Diversity and Inclusion in Education
Lai, Y.-J., & King, K. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.024 · Cited by 1
Hull, M., Nellen, S., & Rohringer, T. (2019) · Administory · doi:10.2478/adhi-2019-0001 · Cited by 2
Self-citationInscribing Siam: The state of documentary and spatial practices
Suwannakij, S., & Ivarsson, S. (2019) · Modern Asian Studies · doi:10.1017/s0026749x18000112 · Cited by 2
A Petition to Kill: Efficacious arzees against big cats in India
Mathur, N. (2019) · Modern Asian Studies · doi:10.1017/s0026749x18000124 · Cited by 2
Planning as State-Effect: Calculation, Historicity and Imagination at Marina Bay, Singapore
Lee, K.-W. (2018) · Planning Theory & Practice · doi:10.1080/14649357.2018.1501510 · Cited by 2
“The visibility and invisibility of authorial marks in bureaucratic documents produces political effects, as Hull (2003) argues in his ethnography of files in Pakistan.”
BackgroundJousselin, C. (2018) · Anthropology Matters · doi:10.22582/am.v18i1.497 · Cited by 2
How friends become foes: exploring the role of documents in shaping UNHCR’s behaviour
Cole, G. (2018) · doi:10.1080/01436597.2017.1416289 · Cited by 2
Galvin, S. S. (2018) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/amet.12704 · Cited by 1
Valdivieso, D. (2025) · The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology · doi:10.3167/cja.2025.430105 · Cited by 1
On Affects and State Documents
Bonanno, L. (2025) · The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology · doi:10.3167/cja.2025.430106 · Cited by 1
Prentice, M. M. (2021) · Journal of Organizational Ethnography · doi:10.1108/joe-02-2021-0010 · Cited by 1
The lawyers as guardians of the case file: on human-material encounters in immigration law in Russia
Kubal, A. (2020) · International Journal of the Legal Profession · doi:10.1080/09695958.2020.1854768 · Cited by 1
“In this collective body of humans and artefacts, the latter – here symbolised by the case files – are not just merely passive instruments of social agents but are ‘active in the creation and maintenance of those agents’ (Hull 2003: 290).”
BackgroundSequence Organization: Understanding What Drives Talk
Hofstetter, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.007 · Cited by 4
Doing Micro-Analysis of Discourse: The Case of Ageing and Wellbeing
Heinrichsmeier, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.008 · Cited by 1
The Discourses of Money and the Economy
Mooney, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.030 · Cited by 4
Discourse and Narrative in Legal Settings: The Political Asylum Process
Shuman, A. E., & Bohmer, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.026 · Cited by 3
Governing Futures: Oceanic Possibilities, Uncertainties, and Expertise
Sullivan, K. M. (2019) · Studies in Law, Politics, and Society · doi:10.1108/s1059-433720190000080004 · Cited by 1
VanWinkle, T., & Friedman, J. (2018) · doi:10.5250/amerindiquar.42.4.0508 · Cited by 1
Forma y fondo: una etnografía de la materialidad de la justicia en Cali
Castiblanco, C. J. A. (2016) · doi:10.11144/javeriana.uh82.ffem · Cited by 1
Sensing Sentience and Managing Microbes: Lifedeath in the Slaughterhouse
Wentworth, K. (2015) · doi:10.1353/mos.2015.0028 · Cited by 1
CREATING ORDER IN THE BUREAUCRATIC REGISTER
Reyes‐Foster, B. M. (2014) · Critical Discourse Studies · doi:10.1080/17405904.2014.915383 · Cited by 4
“The work of institutional ethnographers like Hull (2003), Anjaria (2011), and Matthews (2008), documents the way bureaucracies are undermined by the irregular routing of documents, contradictory instructions, and the volume of required documents.”
BackgroundLanguage, Material Culture, and Materiality in Appalachia
Burkette, A. (2025) · Journal of Appalachian Studies · doi:10.5406/23288612.31.1.04 · Cited by 1
Mediatized Communication and Linguistic Reflexivity in Contemporary Public and Political Life
Deschrijver, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.032 · Cited by 2
Between eviction and existence : urban restructuring and the politics of poverty in Delhi
Routray, S. (2014) · doi:10.14288/1.0166053 · Cited by 1
Environmental agency in read-alouds
Oliveira, A. W., Rogers, P., Quigley, C. F., Samburskiy, D., Barss, K., & Rivera, S. (2013) · Cultural Studies of Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11422-013-9531-6
“…of bureaucratic social activities in government organizations who have described how collective agency is constructed through bureaucratic processes that promote diffusion of individual authorship (i.e., prevent precise specification of authorship or attribution of responsibility) (Hull, 2003).”
BackgroundTeacher agency in the performance of inquiry-oriented science curriculum reform
Oliveira, A. W. (2012) · Cultural Studies of Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11422-012-9419-x
The rise and fall of the sunshine: The changing ideologies of the home in the 20th century
Burkette, A. (2026) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2026.09.004
Shahid, M., Song, J.-Y., Ali, Z., Naveed, H. M., Yuksel, S., & Di̇nçer, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1882524
Forms as the Fordization of communication
Fisher, E. (2026) · Critical Studies in Media and Communication · doi:10.1080/15295036.2026.2621896
Caronia, L., Chieregato, A., & Ranzani, F. (2024) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2024.100509
From drafts to drafting: genre work, time, and the fragility of managerial expertise in South Korea
Prentice, M. M. (2022) · Journal of Cultural Economics · doi:10.1080/17530350.2022.2087715
Martínez, B. (2021) · Revista de Antropología Social · doi:10.5209/raso.74620
Reis, G. S. (2020) · Revista escrita · doi:10.17771/pucrio.escrita.49776
“Contudo, tal como Hull (2003) debruçado sobre documentos burocráticos no Afeganistão, Gupta procura dar visibilidade aos elos “mediadores” da administração que, longe de seguir mecanicamente esquemas top-down de disciplinamento e controle, se revelam como artefatos com consequências nem sempre…”
BackgroundMigrants, Citizenship and Language Rights
Wee, L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.023
Expanding Academic Discourses: Diverse Englishes, Modalities and Spatial Repertoires
Schreiber, B. R., Shahri, M. N. N., & Canagarajah, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.021
Sign Theory and the Materiality of Discourse
Sidnell, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.014 · Cited by 1
Transnationalism, Globalization and Superdiversity
Goebel, Z. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.018 · Cited by 2
Ethics and the Study of Discourse
Hammersley, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.022 · Cited by 1
(2020) · The Occupied Clinic · doi:10.2307/j.ctv16qjzjh.9
(2020) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478012511-006
MacLochlainn, S. (2020) · Anthropological Quarterly · doi:10.1353/anq.2019.0060
Present Absence In Dependency Law: The Erasure of Noncitizen Parents in the San Diego–Tijuana Region
Rodriguez, N. (2019) · PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review · doi:10.1111/plar.12308
Byerman, K. E. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429283710-10 · Cited by 2
Fisher, D. (2019) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/702676
“…provides an instructively concrete entry into emerging literature theorizing communication and sociality through infrastructures of circulation (Hull 2003; Lee and Lipuma 2002), particularly the discussion in linguistic anthropology of “the phatic” (Jakobson 1960) as a means of describing…”
BackgroundTantchou, J., & Tijou-Traoré, A. (2019) · Anthropology and Medicine · doi:10.1080/13648470.2017.1334039
“Actually, the uses and interactions around the script reveal two processes of hierarchization on the part of the health providers: a hierarchization of risks and a hierarchization of graphic artefacts (Hull 2003), such as registers, files, reports, and protocols.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUpton, M. (2015) · Anthropology Matters · doi:10.22582/am.v15i1.419
Closing Remarks and Opening Insights – From Uruguay
Merenson, S. (2021) · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68161-6_8
(2020) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478012511-002
(2020) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478012511-009
(2020) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478012511-008
(2020) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478012511-005
(2020) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478012511-004
(2020) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478012511-007
(2020) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478012511-001
Introduction: Surnames and the Construction of Turkish Citizens
Türköz, M. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-56656-0_1 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Hull, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hull, Matthew S.
- ORCID
- Hull, Matthew S.
- Venue
- Language & Communication
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 287-314
- ISSN
- 0271-5309 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2065474537
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 23.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Language & Communication (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Semiotics and Representation Studies
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Public Administration and Governance
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Keywords
- bureaucratic authority, bureaucratic institutions, autography, materiality of documents, semiotics, collectivization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review