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Cited by 192Prostate Cancer Treatment and ResearchProstate Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentHormonal and reproductive studies

The role of androgens and the androgen receptor in prostate cancer.

Debes, Jose D, Tindall, Donald J·2002·Cancer Letters
DOI 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00413-5
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Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading diagnosed malignancy in men in western countries. The relationship between androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) has been studied extensively in PCa. Plasma levels of androgens show variations between different populations, and in many cases this correlates with PCa susceptibility. Indeed, exposure of the fetus to higher androgen concentrations appears to be a risk factor for PCa. The AR is present in the majority of PCa, and its activation by androgens leads to different proliferative, apoptotic and angiogenic events. These events are in turn mediated by dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases, apoptotic factors and even mutations in the AR. Although androgen ablation has been the mainstay non-surgical treatment for this disease, most tumors will eventually become refractory to treatment. Different cellular mechanisms appear to be involved in the androgen-independent progression of PCa, including cytokine and growth factor-mediated activation of the AR as well as neuroendocrine differentiation. Thus, an understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in androgen action may lead to better therapeutic targets for PCa.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00413-5

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74 of 74 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Castration-resistant (CR) prostate tumor cells continue to grow after hormonal therapy that markedly reduces testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, but they still require AR expression and activity.

    “Despite CR tumor cells being able to continue to grow after hormonal therapy in which testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are markedly reduced, they still require the expression and activity of the AR.”

    From Minireview: Alternative Activation Pathways for the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer (2011) · cites this paper as [5]

  • The expression and activity of the AR is still required for survival and growth of many types of CR prostate cancers.

    “It is now a central tenet that the expression and activity of the AR is still required for survival and growth of many types of CR prostate cancers”

    From Minireview: Alternative Activation Pathways for the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer (2011) · cites this paper as [5]

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Authors
Debes, J. D., & Tindall, D. J.
Affiliations
Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author
Tindall, Donald J
Venue
Cancer Letters
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-12
Volume
187
Issue
1-2
Pages
1-7
ISSN
0304-3835 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00413-5
OpenAlex
W2141562227
Cited by
191
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI
3.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Cancer Letters (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Cancer Institute (CA 91956, P50CA091956)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK60920, R01DK060920)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords
prostate cancer, androgens, androgen receptor, androgen receptor mutations, androgen-independent progression, androgen deprivation therapy, neuroendocrine differentiation, cyclin-dependent kinases, apoptosis, angiogenesis, prenatal androgen exposure, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Androgens, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Receptors, Androgen, Signal Transduction, Disease Progression

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