Further evaluation of the pain stages of change questionnaire: is the transtheoretical model of change useful for patients with chronic pain?
Abstract
Patient readiness to adopt new beliefs and coping responses to pain may predict response to multidisciplinary or cognitive-behavioral pain treatments that emphasize changes in beliefs and coping behaviors. According to the transtheoretical model of change, individuals go through specific stages in the process of changing maladaptive behaviors. Based on this model, Kerns et al. (1997) (Kerns RD, Rosenberg R, Jamison RN, Caudill MA, Haythornthwaite J. Readiness to adopt a self-management approach to chronic pain: the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ). Pain 1997;72:227-234) developed a measure of readiness to adopt a self-management approach to pain problems (the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire; PSOCQ) and provided preliminary data supporting the validity of the measure. The current study sought to further evaluate the PSOCQ by determining the generalizability of these preliminary findings and the ability of the PSOCQ to classify persons with chronic pain into specific stages of readiness to self-manage pain. One hundred ten patients with diverse chronic pain problems, and 119 patients with fibromyalgia completed the PSOCQ and two measures of pain-related beliefs and coping prior to entry into two separate multidisciplinary pain programs. The internal consistency and concurrent validity of the PSOCQ subscales were largely replicated, supporting the validity of the subscales as measures of readiness to self-manage pain. However, the PSOCQ demonstrated less utility a…
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Jensen et al.'s study failed to find evidence that the PSOCQ could classify patients into distinct stages.
“but it failed to find evidence that the instrument could classify patients into distinct stages”
From Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science (2004) · cites this paper as [41]
One problem with the readiness to change instrument is that its items are not specific enough with regard to the type of self-management that patients are willing to undertake.
“the items on this instrument are not specific enough with regard to the type of self-management that patients are willing to undertake”
From Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science (2004) · cites this paper as [41]
Jensen et al.'s study of 119 patients with fibromyalgia provided support for the reliability of the PSOCQ.
“conducted a study of 119 patients with fibromyalgia that provided support for the reliability of the PSOCQ”
From Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science (2004) · cites this paper as [41]
Clinical observations suggest that although some patients might be ready to engage in self-management efforts, others are not.
“Clinical observations, however, suggest that although some patients might be ready to engage in self-management efforts, others are not.41”
From Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science (2004) · cites this paper as [41]
Taken together, these findings raise questions about the clinical utility of readiness to change measures such as the PCOQ, particularly with regard to treatment planning.
“Taken together, these findings raise questions about the clinical utility of readiness to change measures such as the PCOQ, particularly with regard to treatment planning.”
From Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science (2004) · cites this paper as [41]
In Jensen et al.'s study, contrary to prediction, the stages of change groups identified did not differ significantly on several PSOCQ scales and on measures of beliefs and pain coping.
“Contrary to prediction, the stages of change groups identified did not differ significantly on several of the PSOCQ scales and on measures of beliefs and pain coping.”
From Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science (2004) · cites this paper as [41]
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References 27 · Cited by 105
- Authors
- Jensen, M. P., Nielson, W. R., Romano, J. M., Hill, M. L., & Turner, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- London Health Sciences Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Jensen, Mark P.
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 255-264
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119757260
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01 31683)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- transtheoretical model, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, pain beliefs, pain coping, multidisciplinary pain program, psychometric validation, internal consistency, concurrent validity
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Attitude to Health, Female, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Individuality, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Pain, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Care, Pain Management
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