Cited by 707Neural dynamics and brain functionMemory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

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Robert P. Vertes, Bernát Kocsis·1997·Neuroscience

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Abstract

We present a new model for the generation of theta rhythm of the hippocampus. We propose that theta at CA1 involves extracellular current fluxes produced by alternating depolarizing and hyperpolarizing membrane potential fluctuations of large populations of hippocampal pyramidal cells. Pyramidal cells are, in turn, controlled by rhythmically bursting cholinergic and GABAergic cells of the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band. We postulate that septal cholinergic and GABAergic rhythmically bursting cells fire in relative synchrony; their coordinated burst discharge (burst mode) drives the positive-going phase of intracellular theta and associated firing of pyramidal cells; their synchronized pauses (interburst mode) give rise to the negative-going phase of intracellular theta and an inhibition of pyramidal cells. We further demonstrate that the theta rhythm is controlled by a network of cells extending from the brainstem to the septum/hippocampus. During theta, tonically discharging cells of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis activate neurons of the supramammillary nucleus; the supramammillary nucleus, in turn, converts this steady barrage into a rhythmical pattern of discharge which is relayed to GABAergic/ cholinergic rhythmically bursting cells of the medial septum. The septal rhythmically bursting cells modulate subsets of hippocampal interneurons and principal cells in the generation of the theta rhythm. We review evidence showing that the serotonin-containing neurons of the median raphe nucleus desynchronize the hippocampal electroencephalogram, presumably by disrupting the rhythmical discharge of septal cholinergic and GABAergic neurons. Finally, we summarize recent work indicating that the theta rhythm is critically involved in memory functions of the hippocampus and that its disruption (electroencephalographic desynchronization) may block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes of the hippocampus.

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“The SUM is a hypothalamic structure that provides strong direct and indirect (via the medial septum) theta-rhythmic inputs to the HPC (Haglund et al., 1984; Vertes, 1992, 2015; Kirk and McNaughton, 1993; McNaughton et al., 1995; Kocsis and Vertes, 1997; Vertes and McKenna, 2000; Ito et al., 2018).”
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Self-citation

Authors: Vertes, R. P., & Kocsis, B.
Affiliations: Florida Atlantic University (US)
ORCID: Robert P. Vertes
Bernát Kocsis
Venue: Neuroscience
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1997-10
Volume: 81
Issue: 4
Pages: 893-926
ISSN: 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00239-x
OpenAlex: W27254585
Cited by: 707
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 11.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01ns035883-10)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 35883)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: hippocampal theta rhythm, CA1 pyramidal neurons, medial septum, diagonal band of Brodmann, supramammillary nucleus, serotonin, median raphe nucleus, hippocampal interneurons, memory
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Stem, Diencephalon, Hippocampus, Humans, Memory, Theta Rhythm

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