The DOI matches its Crossref record; 124 of the 124 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Glucocorticoid Hormones and Early Brain Development in Schizophrenia
Abstract
While genetic factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia, environmental factors contribute to the etiology of the disorder as well. If a woman is exposed during the second trimester of gestation to stressors such as the death of a loved one, influenza infection, or natural and man-made disasters, her baby has an increased risk of developing schizophrenia later in life. A common mechanism may mediate the effects of these diverse risk factors: a stress response during a restricted period of gestation may affect fetal brain development and, given the appropriate genetic predisposition, result in schizophrenia in adult life. Findings in animals exposed to prenatal stress strengthen the hypothesis that exposure to high glucocorticoid levels and/or other components of the stress response increases the risk of schizophrenia. These clinical and preclinical studies could be used to develop hypotheses that could then be tested in patients with schizophrenia.
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“In humans, prenatal stress is a prominent risk factor for the development of schizophrenia in adult offspring (van Os and Selten, 1998;Koenig et al., 2002).”
From Glutamate receptors in domestication and modern human evolution (2020) · cites this paper as Koenig et al., 2002
Citations
Cites
Dopamine in schizophrenia: a review and reconceptualization
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Freedman, R., Coon, H., Myles-Worsley, M., Orr-Urtreger, A., Olincy, A., Davis, A., Polymeropoulos, M., Holik, J., Hopkins, J., Hoff, M., et al. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.2.587 · Cited by 1,141
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“The increase in glucocorticoid secretion after stress present in adult prenatally-stressed experimental animals is associated with impaired cognitive capacity and diminished hippocampal volume (Lemaire et al. 2000).”
BackgroundBayer, S. A., Altman, J., Russo, R. J., & Zhang, X. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 912
The reduced neuropil hypothesis: a circuit based model of schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia After Prenatal Famine
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Almond, D. (2006) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/507154 · Cited by 1,190
The long-term behavioural consequences of prenatal stress
Weinstock, M. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.03.002 · Cited by 1,098
The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: update 2005
Rapoport, J. L., Addington, A. M., Frangou, S., & Psych, M. R. C. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001642 · Cited by 993
Sex-Specific Programming of Offspring Emotionality after Stress Early in Pregnancy
Mueller, B. R., & Bale, T. L. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1424-08.2008 · Cited by 988
Prenatal glucocorticoids and long-term programming
Seckl (2004) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.151u049 · Cited by 825
Metadata
- Authors
- Ph.D., J.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ph.D., J
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 309-318
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131140619
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Whitehall Foundation
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dk052382-03)
- Novartis Pharma
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK52382)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, glucocorticoids, prenatal stress, fetal brain development, maternal stress exposure, stress response, environmental risk factors, genetic susceptibility, prenatal glucocorticoid exposure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Environmental Exposure, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Influenza, Human, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Stress, Physiological, Neurotransmitter Agents
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