Cited by 548Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal AbnormalitiesSexual Differentiation and DisordersDown syndrome and intellectual disability research

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Morbidity in Turner Syndrome

Gravholt, Claus Højbjerg, Juul, Svend, Naeraa, Rune Weis, Hansen, Jan·1998·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

DOI 10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00237-0

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Abstract

Turner syndrome afflicts approximately 50 per 100,000 females and is characterized by retarded growth, gonadal dysgenesis, and infertility. Much attention has been focused on growth and growth promoting therapies, while less is known about the natural course of the syndrome, especially in adulthood. We undertook this study to assess the incidence of diseases relevant in the study of Turner syndrome. The study period was from January 1, 1984 to December 31, 1993, and the study base was all women living in Denmark during the study period. We used data from the Danish Cytogenetic Central Register and the Danish National Registry of Patients to assess morbidity. This study supports several earlier studies reporting increased morbidity and confirms results of a recent study on cancer in Turner syndrome. Women with Turner syndrome seem to have an increased incidence of fractures, osteoporotic fractures in adulthood, and non-osteoporotic fractures in childhood. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus, both NIDDM and IDDM, was found with a markedly increased incidence in Turner syndrome, as well as ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and stroke. The risk of cancer, except cancer of the large bowel, does not seem to be elevated in Turner syndrome. Our data suggest that patients with Turner syndrome are extraordinarily prone to abnormalities constituting the metabolic syndrome (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidaemia, NIDDM, obesity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperuricemia). The present data may help to explain the decreased life span found in patients with Turner syndrome.

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Background
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Background
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Background
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Gravholt, C. H. (2005)
Long-term growth hormone treatment in two growth disorders
Sas, T. (1999) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Turner syndrome: experience with a select group from the Mexican population
Hernández, C. D., Morales, A. T., Hernéndez, L. Á., López-Collada, V. L. R., & Murguía-Peniche, T. (2013) · Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México
A specific bioelectrical impedance equation to predict body composition in Turner's syndrome Uma equação de bioimpedanciometria específica para predição de composição corporal na síndrome de Turner
Guedes, A. D., Bianco, B. A. V., Lipay, M. V. N., de Sá, E. Q. C., Castro, M. L., & Verreschi, I. T. N. (2010)
infancy to adult transfer Optimising management in Turner syndrome: from
Donaldson, M., Gault, E. J., Tan, K. W., & Dunger, D. B. (2007)
Imaging of the brain and pituitary
Boechat, I. (1999)
PREVALENCE OF AUTOANTIBODIES TO THYROID PEROXIDASE AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE IN GIRLS WITH TURNER’S SYNDROME
Moayeri, H., & Oloomi, Z. (2006)
Síndrome de Turner e diabetes mellitus – revisão da literatura a propósito de 4 casos
Simões‐Pereira, J., Bastos, M., Saraiva, J. C., Moreno, C., Dantas, R., Guelho, D., Vicente, N., Cardoso, L., Oliveira, D., Martins, D., et al. (2015) · Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia Diabetes e Metabolismo · doi:10.1016/j.rpedm.2015.09.004
A Case of Turner's Syndrome Associated with Transverse Colon Cancer.
Yotsumoto, F., MATSUO, T., Sugie, T., Funaki, N. O., NONAKA, A., & OSHIO, G. (2002) · Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association) · doi:10.3919/jjsa.63.1481
Cardiovascular aspects in the diagnosis and management of Turner’s syndrome
Borg, A. N., Brabant, E. G., & Schmitt, M. (2014) · Cardiovascular Endocrinology · doi:10.1097/xce.0000000000000020
Growth hormone therapy in a girl with Turner syndrome and diabetes type 1 - case report Leczenie rekombinowanym hormonem wzrostu dziewczynki z zespołem Turnera i cukrzycą typu 1 - opis przypadku
Obara-Moszyńska, M., Banaszak-Ziemska, M., & Niedziela, M. (2015)
Complicaciones materno fetales en pacientes con Síndrome de Turner: Reporte de dos casos manejados con donación de óvulos Maternal-fetal complications in patients suffering from Turner syndrome: A report of two cases with oocyte donation
Velasco, H. M., García, N., Madero, J. I., Duque, M. A. P., Saumet, J., López, C., León, M. F. C., Ávila, L. M., & Ruiz, J. A. (2006) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Non-Type 2 Diabetes
Libman, I. M., LaPorte, R. E., Libman, A. M., & Arias, P. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195317060.003.0004
Turner syndrome and guidelines for management of thoracic aortic disease: Appropriateness and utility
Sherif, H. M. F. (2016) · Artery Research · doi:10.1016/j.artres.2016.07.001
Emerging Aspects of Turner Syndrome
Gravholt, C. H., Stochholm, K., Cleemann, L. H., & Mortensen, K. H. (2010) · touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology · doi:10.17925/ee.2011.07.01.58
“Children and younger and middle-aged adult patients with TS have low bone mineral density (BMD) and studies show that fracture risk is increased.(1,61,62) pointing towards the major clinical manifestation of the decreased BMD.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Surgery for Type A Aortic Dissection Six Years after Adult Aortic Coarctation Correction in a Patient with Turner Syndrome
Yoshioka, Y., Suzuki, R., Hirayama, R., Miyamoto, T., Mouri, M., Uekihara, K., Matsukawa, M., Watanabe, T., & Nakajima, M. (2016) · Japanese Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.4326/jjcvs.45.242
Turner Syndrome and Diabetes
Grossi, A., & Cappa, M. (2017) · Frontiers in diabetes · doi:10.1159/000454744
Multiple cerebral cavernous malformations in a pediatric patient with Turner syndrome
Gamboa, N. T., Carlson, E. W. J., Park, M. S., Kestle, J. R. W., & Kalani, M. Y. S. (2017) · Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.inat.2017.06.006
Universidad San Francisco de Quito Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud
Guevara‐Aguirre, J., & de Tesis, D. (2015)
ESTUDO MORFOLÓGICO DOS CAPILARES UNGUEAIS PELA VIDEOCAPILAROSCOPIA NAS PACIENTES COM SÍNDROME DE TURNER
da Silva, S. C., & Coelho (2007)
Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Turner Syndrome, Noonan Syndrome, and SHOX Gene Mutations
Backeljauw, P. F., & Gutmark‐Little, I. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73782-9_6
Genetic Syndromes Caused by Chromosomal Abnormalities
Deardorff, M. A., & Zackai, E. H. (2007) · Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-032303004-5.50134-4
Turner syndrome and Cushing disease – the coexistence with overlapping complications: case report and literature review
Gniewek, K., Brona, A., Jędrzejuk, D., Kolačkov, K., & Bolanowski, M. (2019) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2019.1631281
“Increased mortality in TS is due to its CV complications [7].”
BackgroundInfluential
Versorgungsschwerpunkte der Frauen mit UTS - Zusammenstellung der Daten aus fünf verschiedenen Endokrinoliogika
Kahlert, E. (2019) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-7332
The Heart and Vasculature in Turner Syndrome: Development, Surveillance, and Management
Young, L., & Silberbach, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34150-3_6
Endocrine and Metabolic Consequences of Turner Syndrome
Viuff, M. H., & Gravholt, C. H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34150-3_8

Authors: Gravholt, C. H., Juul, S., Naeraa, R. W., & Hansen, J.
Affiliations: Aarhus University (DK)
Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
Corresponding author: Gravholt, Claus Højbjerg
ORCID: Gravholt, Claus Højbjerg
Venue: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1998-02
Volume: 51
Issue: 2
Pages: 147-158
ISSN: 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00237-0
OpenAlex: W2037733089
Cited by: 548
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 7.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
Keywords: Turner syndrome, morbidity, disease incidence, osteoporotic fractures, diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, stroke, cancer risk, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperuricemia, adult women
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Denmark, Female, Humans, Infant, Karyotyping, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Registries, Risk Factors, Turner Syndrome, Comorbidity, Incidence, Age Distribution

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