The Role of Medial Temporal Lobe Structures in Implicit Learning
Open accessAbstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) has been associated with declarative learning of flexible relational rules and the basal ganglia with implicit learning of stimulus-response mappings. It remains an open question of whether MTL or basal ganglia are involved when learning flexible relational contingencies without awareness. We studied learning of an explicit stimulus-response association with fMRI. Embedded in this explicit task was a hidden structure that was learnt implicitly. Implicit learning of the sequential regularities of the "hidden rule" activated the ventral perirhinal cortex, within the MTL, whereas learning the fixed stimulus-response associations activated the basal ganglia, indicating that the function of the MTL and the basal ganglia depends on the learned material and not necessarily on the participants' awareness.
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Training procedural skills is not entirely detached from declarative memory mechanisms, especially at an initial stage of training.
“However, training such skills does not proceed entirely detached from declarative memory mechanisms, especially at an initial stage of training (e.g., Refs. 198, 533, 1013Refs. 198, 533, , 1014Refs. 198, 533, , 1042)).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1013]
The paper reports that implicit learning of a hidden relational rule engaged the medial temporal lobe, a region it associates with declarative learning. That supports the broader point that learning can involve declarative-memory-related mechanisms without explicit awareness. It does not establish that procedural skill training particularly relies on those mechanisms at an initial stage; it distinguishes hidden-rule learning from skill acquisition involving fixed stimulus-response associations. The deciding passages are labeled Abstract in our copy; page numbers are unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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References 50 · Cited by 99
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Fletcher, P.C., Anderson, J.M., Shanks, D.R., Honey, R., Carpenter, on the Cognitive Unconscious (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
- Authors
- Rose, M., Haider, H., Weiller, C., & Büchel, C.
- Affiliations
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Rose, Michael
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1221-1231
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075135100
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- implicit learning, medial temporal lobe, basal ganglia, stimulus-response associations, sequential regularities, declarative learning, awareness, relational learning
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Awareness, Basal Ganglia, Behavior, Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Conditioning, Classical, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Temporal Lobe
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