The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Treatment and prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea
Abstract
Mild or severe episodes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) are common side effects of antibiotic therapy. The incidence of AAD differs with the antibiotic and varies from 5 to 25%. The major form of intestinal disorders is the pseudomembranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile which occurs in 10-20% of all AAD. In most cases of AAD discontinuation or replacement of the inciting antibiotic by another drug with lower AAD risk can be effective. For more severe cases involving C. difficile, the treatment of diarrhea requires an antibiotic treatment, with glycopeptides (vancomycin) or metronidazole. Another approach to AAD treatment or prevention is based on the use of non-pathogenic living organisms, capable of re-establishing the equilibrium of the intestinal ecosystem. Several organisms have been used in treatment or prophylaxis of AAD such as selected strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Enterococcus faecium. Another biotherapeutic agent, a non-pathogenic yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii has been used. In animal models of C. difficile colitis initiated by clindamycin, animals treated with S. boulardii (at end of vancomycin therapy) had a significant decrease in C. difficile colony-forming units, and of toxin B production. In several clinical randomised trials (versus placebo), S. boulardii has demonstrated its effectiveness by decreasing significantly the occurrence of C. difficile colitis and preventing the pathogenic effects of toxins A and B of C. difficile. It has been shown to be a safe and effective therapy in relapses of C. difficile colitis. A good response has been seen in children with AAD, treated by S. boulardii only. In ICUs prevention of AAD remains based on limitation of antibiotic overuse and spread of C. difficile or other agents of AAD should be prevented by improved hygiene measures (single rooms, private bathrooms for patients, use of gloves and hand washing for personnel). In addition the increasing use of biotherapeutic agents such as S. boulardii should permit the prevention of the major side effect of antibiotics, i.e. AAD in at risk patients.
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Cites
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bergogne-Bérézin, E.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris Diderot (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Bergogne-Bérézin, E
- Venue
- International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 521-526
- ISSN
- 0924-8579 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2065697342
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile, pseudomembranous colitis, Saccharomyces boulardii, probiotics, vancomycin, metronidazole, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecium, clindamycin, antibiotic overuse, infection control, toxin A and B, childhood diarrhea
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Diarrhea, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous, Humans, Intestines, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Risk Factors, Saccharomyces, Clostridioides difficile, Probiotics
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