The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What is beautiful is usable
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the relationships between users ' perceptions of a computer-ized system's beauty and usability. The experiment used a computerized application as a surrogate for an Automated Teller Machine (ATM). Perceptions were elicited before and after the participants used the system. Pre-experimental measures indicate strong correlations between system's perceived aesthetics and perceived usability. Post-experimental measures indicated that the strong correlation remained intact. A multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that the degree of system's aesthetics affected the post-use perceptions of both aesthetics and usability, whereas the degree of actual usability had no such effect. The results resemble those found by social psychologists regarding the effect of physical attractiveness on the valuation of other personality attributes. The ®ndings stress the importance of studying the aesthetic aspect of human±computer interaction (HCI) design
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Aesthetics can have a substantial impact on user acceptance and usability [22].”
From The Behavioral Intervention Technology Model: An Integrated Conceptual and Technological Framework for eHealth and mHealth Interventions (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
Citations
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences
Stevens, J. P. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203843130 · Cited by 10,652
(1993) · Cited by 9,879
Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure
Zajonc, R. B. (1968) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025848 · Cited by 6,745
The visual display of quantitative information
(1985) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(85)90230-7 · Cited by 5,090
Carayannis, E. G. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_100431 · Cited by 4,819
Computer graphics: principles and practice
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.51-2713 · Cited by 4,661
Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033731 · Cited by 3,865
The Psychology of Everyday Things
Massaro, D. W., & Norman, D. A. (1990) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423268 · Cited by 3,484
Overall job satisfaction: How good are single-item measures?
Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Hudy, M. J. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.247 · Cited by 3,479
Norman, D. A., & DRAPER, S. W. (1986) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15703 · Cited by 3,154
The Usability Engineering Lifecycle
NIELSEN, J. (1993) · Usability Engineering · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-052029-2.50007-3 · Cited by 2,657
Nielsen, J. (1995) · Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '95 · doi:10.1145/223355.223730 · Cited by 2,620
The psychology of everyday things
Weld, D. S. (1989) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0004-3702(89)90083-0 · Cited by 2,113
Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction
(1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-12113-x · Cited by 2,058
Seeking the Ideal Form: Product Design and Consumer Response
Bloch, P. H. (1995) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1252116 · Cited by 2,009
The Visual Display of Quantitative Information.
Fayers, P. M., & Tufte, E. R. (1990) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2983122 · Cited by 1,951
Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109 · Cited by 1,875
(1987) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 1,584
Petty, R. E., & Krosnick, J. A. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315807041 · Cited by 1,313
A description of the affective quality attributed to environments.
Russell, J. A., & Pratt, G. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.311 · Cited by 1,288
DeRose, D. J., & LAUREL, B. K. (1993) · TDR/The Drama Review · doi:10.2307/1146303 · Cited by 1,252
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences
Pituch, K. A., & Stevens, J. P. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315814919 · Cited by 1,187
The Power of Feelings in Understanding Advertising Effects
Edell, J. A., & Burke, M. C. (1987) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209124 · Cited by 1,138
Ross, L. D., Lepper, M. R., & HUBBARD, M. L. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.32.5.880 · Cited by 1,052
Ross, L., Lepper, M. R., & Hubbard, M. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.880 · Cited by 1,052
The visual display of quantitative information
Azen, S. P. (1983) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · doi:10.1016/0167-9473(83)90110-x · Cited by 882
Computer graphics: Principles and practice
Carter, M. P. (1997) · Color Research & Application · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6378(199702)22:1 · Cited by 814
Unbelieving the unbelievable: Some problems in the rejection of false information.
Gilbert, D. T., Krull, D. S., & Malone, P. S. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.4.601 · Cited by 681
The Influence of Unity and Prototypicality on Aesthetic Responses to New Product Designs
Veryzer, R. W., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1998) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209516 · Cited by 679
Studies in the New Experimental Aesthetics
Alluisi, E. A., & Berlyne, D. E. (1975) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421783 · Cited by 561
Usability Engineering: Our Experience and Evolution
Whiteside, J., Bennett, J. L., & Holtzblatt, K. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-70536-5.50041-5 · Cited by 520
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Foley, J. D., van Dam, A., Feiner, S., & Hughes, J. F. (1990) · Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. eBooks · Cited by 498
Web Site Usability: A Designer's Guide
Spool, J. M., Scanlon, T., Snyder, C., Schroeder, W., & DeAngelo, T. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 490
Aesthetics and apparent usability
Tractinsky, N. (1997) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/258549.258626 · Cited by 484
Self-citationHays, W. L. (1988) · Cited by 463
Suess, A. P. (1997) · Journal of interactive instruction development · Cited by 443
Human factors for pleasure in product use
Jordan, P. W. (1998) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/s0003-6870(97)00022-7 · Cited by 443
Alben, L. (1996) · interactions · doi:10.1145/235008.235010 · Cited by 414
Usability—context, framework, definition, design and evaluation
Shackel, B. (1991) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · Cited by 397
Human factors for informatics usability
(1992) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(92)90090-i · Cited by 369
Apparent usability vs. inherent usability
Kurosu, M., & Kashimura, K. (1995) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/223355.223680 · Cited by 353
The evolution of useful things
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-4370 · Cited by 345
Gould, J. D. (1987) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-70304-0.50010-8 · Cited by 340
Handbook of human-computer interaction
Wilson, J. (1989) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(89)90201-9 · Cited by 337
The Effects of Information System User Expectations on Their Performance and Perceptions
Szajna, B., & Scamell, R. W. (1993) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249589 · Cited by 323
Exploring the concept of affective quality: Expanding the concept of retail personality
Darden, W. R., & Babin, B. J. (1994) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/0148-2963(94)90014-0 · Cited by 306
Aesthetic Preference: Anomalous Findings for Berlyne's Psychobiological Theory
Martindale, C., Moore, K., & Borkum, J. M. (1990) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423259 · Cited by 294
User Satisfaction with Computer-Mediated Communication Systems
Hiltz, S. R., & Johnson, K. R. (1990) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.36.6.739 · Cited by 235
Human-computer interaction (2nd ed.)
Dix, A. J., Finley, J. L., Abowd, G. D., & Beale, R. (1998) · Prentice-Hall, Inc eBooks · Cited by 217
Graphic Design for Electronic Documents and User Interfaces
Marcus, A. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 188
Turn Signals Are The Facial Expressions Of Automobiles
Norman, D. A. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 176
Butler, K. A., Jacob, R. J. K., & John, B. E. (1998) · doi:10.1145/286498.286556 · Cited by 175
Usability engineering turns 10
Butler, K. A. (1996) · interactions · doi:10.1145/223500.223513 · Cited by 121
Advertising exposure, memory, and choice
Perfect, T. (1994) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658219408258960 · Cited by 100
Attitudes, Perception, and Attention
Fázio, R. H., Roskos‐Ewoldsen, D. R., & Powell, M. C. (1994) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410560-7.50015-6 · Cited by 76
Human Factors for Informatics Usability
Shaw, M. (1992) · The Computer Journal · doi:10.1093/comjnl/35.1.29 · Cited by 72
A history of industrial design
Lucie‐Smith, E. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 53
Advertising Exposure, Memory and Choice
(2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203772195 · Cited by 47
Priority Scheduling and Spares Stocking Policies for a Repair Shop: The Multiple Failure Case
Scudder, G. D. (1984) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.30.6.739 · Cited by 42
Graphic design for electronic documents and user interfaces
Nielsen, J. (1992) · Science of Computer Programming · doi:10.1016/0167-6423(92)90015-4 · Cited by 41
Architectural Design: An Analogy
Hooper, K. (1986) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15703-1 · Cited by 40
Read, H. (1961) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 38
European Perspectives in Consumer Behaviour
Lambkin, M. C., Foxall, G. R., van Raaij, F., & Heilbrunn, B. (1997) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 24
The Evolution of Useful Things.
Tilly, C., & Petroski, H. J. (1996) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2077068 · Cited by 13
Consumers' Attitude Change Across Sequences of Successful and Unsuccessful Product Usage
Gaeth, G. J., Levin, I. P., SOOD, S., Juang, C., & Castellucci, J. (1997) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1007933226810 · Cited by 11
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Martineau, 1958, The personality of the retail store, Harvard Business Review, 36, 47
- Donovan, 1982, Store atmosphere: an experimental psychology approach, Journal of Retailing, 58, 34
Cited by
Sorted by citations
User Acceptance of Hedonic Information Systems1
van der Heijden, H. (2004) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/25148660 · Cited by 3,850
(2006) · doi:10.1080/01449290500330331 · Cited by 3,026
Self-citationFactors influencing the usage of websites: the case of a generic portal in The Netherlands
van der Heijden, H. (2003) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/s0378-7206(02)00079-4 · Cited by 1,465
Assessing dimensions of perceived visual aesthetics of web sites
Lavie, T., & Tractinsky, N. (2003) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.09.002 · Cited by 1,418
Self-citationUnderstanding, scoping and defining user experience
Law, E. L., Roto, V., Hassenzahl, M., Vermeeren, A. P. O. S., & Kort, J. (2009) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1518701.1518813 · Cited by 1,129
Metadata
- Authors
- Tractinsky, N., Katz, A. S., & Ikar, D.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- ORCID
- Tractinsky, N
- Venue
- Interacting with Computers
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-145
- ISSN
- 0953-5438 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998515403
- Cited by
- 1,376
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 14.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Interacting with Computers (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Keywords
- aesthetic perception, usability, user perception, human-computer interaction design, automated teller machines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
