Cited by 326Protist diversity and phylogenyMarine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyGenomics and Phylogenetic Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Closest Unicellular Relatives of Animals

Open access

Lang, B.F., O'Kelly, C., Nerad, T., Gray, M.W., Burger, G.·2002·Current Biology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Molecular phylogenies support a common ancestry between animals (Metazoa) and Fungi, but the evolutionary descent of the Metazoa from single-celled eukaryotes (protists) and the nature and taxonomic affiliation of these ancestral protists remain elusive. We addressed this question by sequencing complete mitochondrial genomes from taxonomically diverse protists to generate a large body of molecular data for phylogenetic analyses. Trees inferred from multiple concatenated mitochondrial protein sequences demonstrate that animals are specifically affiliated with two morphologically dissimilar unicellular protist taxa: Monosiga brevicollis (Choanoflagellata), a flagellate, and Amoebidium parasiticum (Ichthyosporea), a fungus-like organism. Statistical evaluation of competing evolutionary hypotheses confirms beyond a doubt that Choanoflagellata and multicellular animals share a close sister group relationship, originally proposed more than a century ago on morphological grounds. For the first time, our trees convincingly resolve the currently controversial phylogenetic position of the Ichthyosporea, which the trees place basal to Choanoflagellata and Metazoa but after the divergence of Fungi. Considering these results, we propose the new taxonomic group Holozoa, comprising Ichthyosporea, Choanoflagellata, and Metazoa. Our findings provide insight into the nature of the animal ancestor and have broad implications for our understanding of the evolutionary transition from unicellular protists to multicellular animals.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)01187-9

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Basic local alignment search tool
Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1990.9999 · Cited by 98,669
CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice
Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., & Gibson, T. J. (1994) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/22.22.4673 · Cited by 64,617
The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences
Jones, D. T., Taylor, W. R., & Thornton, J. M. (1992) · Computer applications in the biosciences · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/8.3.275 · Cited by 7,003
PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood
Yang, Z. (1997) · Computer applications in the biosciences · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/13.5.555 · Cited by 5,377
Cases in which Parsimony or Compatibility Methods Will be Positively Misleading
Felsenstein, J. (1978) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/27.4.401 · Cited by 3,261
An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection
Shimodaira, H. (2002) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150290069913 · Cited by 2,791
Quartet Puzzling: A Quartet Maximum-Likelihood Method for Reconstructing Tree Topologies
Strimmer, K., & von Haeseler, A. (1996) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025664 · Cited by 2,531
Cases in which parsimony or compatibility methods will be positively misleading.
Felsenstein, J. (1978) · Systematic Zoology · doi:10.2307/2412923 · Cited by 2,230
CONSEL: for assessing the confidence of phylogenetic tree selection
Shimodaira, H., & Hasegawa, M. (2001) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/17.12.1246 · Cited by 2,049
[5] Rapid and sensitive sequence comparison with FASTP and FASTA
Pearson, W. R. (1990) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)83007-v · Cited by 1,934

Show all 34 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Yang, 1997, Paml, Comput. Appl. Biosci., 13, 555

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 326

A comparative study indicates vertical inheritance and horizontal gene transfer of arsenic resistance-related genes in eukaryotes
Ribeiro, G. M., & Lahr, D. J. G. (2022) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107479 · Cited by 13
Phylogenomics-Based Reconstruction of Protozoan Species Tree
Ocaña, K., & Dávila, A. M. R. (2011) · Evolutionary Bioinformatics · doi:10.4137/ebo.s6861 · Cited by 14
Gene Similarity Networks Unveil a Potential Novel Unicellular Group Closely Related to Animals from the Tara Oceans Expedition
Arroyo, A. S., Lannes, R., Bapteste, E. P., & Ruiz‐Trillo, I. (2020) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evaa117 · Cited by 13
Do we need many genes for phylogenetic inference?
Aleoshin, V. V., Константинова, А. В., Mikhailov, K. V., Nikitin, M. A., & Petrov, N. B. (2007) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s000629790712005x · Cited by 13
Identification, structure, and phylogenetic relationships of a mitogen-activated protein kinase homologue from the parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica
Ray, D., Dutta, S., Banerjee, S., Banerjee, R., & Raha, S. (2005) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.026 · Cited by 13
Animals and Their Unicellular Ancestors
Paps, J., & Ruiz‐Trillo, I. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0022853 · Cited by 15
The Single-Celled Ancestors of Animals: A History of HypothesesPreprint
Brunet, T., & King, N. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0302.v1 · Cited by 13
Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Is an Ancestral Hallmark of Early Development in Animals
Rouhana, L., Edgar, A., Hugosson, F., Dountcheva, V., Martindale, M. Q., & Ryan, J. F. (2023) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msad137 · Cited by 12
Characterization of the mitogenome of Gongronella sp. w5 reveals substantial variation in Mucoromycota
Zhang, S., Wang, S., Fang, Z., Lang, B. F., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-022-11880-8 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Evidence for Convergent Evolution in the Signaling Properties of a Choanoflagellate Tyrosine Kinase
Li, W., Scarlata, S., & Miller, W. T. (2009) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi9000672 · Cited by 12
Morphologic and molecular data help adopting the insect-pathogenic nephridiophagids (Nephridiophagidae) among the early diverging fungal lineages, close to the Chytridiomycota
Radek, R., Wurzbacher, C., Gisder, S., Nilsson, R. H., Owerfeldt, A., Genersch, E., Kirk, P. M., & Voigt, K. (2017) · MycoKeys · doi:10.3897/mycokeys.25.12446 · Cited by 12
Uniform categorization of biocommunication in bacteria, fungi and plants
Witzany, G. (2010) · World Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.4331/wjbc.v1.i5.160 · Cited by 12
The origin and early evolution of complex organisms
Yuan, X., Pang, K., Tang, Q., Li, G., Xiao, S., Zhou, C., Chen, Z., Chen, L., Wan, B., Wang, W., et al. (2022) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2022-0804 · Cited by 11
PTB Domain-Directed Substrate Targeting in a Tyrosine Kinase from the Unicellular Choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis
Prieto-Echagüe, V., Chan, P. M., Craddock, B. P., Manser, E. J., & Miller, W. T. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019296 · Cited by 10
Fossil and Transcriptomic Perspectives on the Origins and Success of Metazoan Multicellularity
Valentine, J. W., & Marshall, C. R. (2015) · Advances in marine genomics · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9642-2_2 · Cited by 10
A Comparative Genomics Perspective on the Origin of Multicellularity and Early Animal Evolution
Srivastava, M. (2015) · Advances in marine genomics · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9642-2_14 · Cited by 10
On the origin of mitochondria and Rickettsia-related eukaryotic endo- symbionts
Lang, B. F., Brinkmann, H., Koski, L. B., Fujishima, M., Görtz, H., & Burger, G. (2005) · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Evolutionary dynamics of introns and their open reading frames in the U7 region of the mitochondrial rnl gene in species of Ceratocystis
Sethuraman, J., Rudski, S. M., Wosnitza, K. M., Hafez, M., Guppy, B. J., & Hausner, G. (2013) · Fungal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.10.002 · Cited by 9
Revisiting the phylogenetic position of Caullerya mesnili (Ichthyosporea), a common Daphnia parasite, based on 22 protein-coding genes
Lu, Y., Ocaña‐Pallarès, E., López‐Escardó, D., Dennis, S. R., Monaghan, M. T., Ruiz‐Trillo, I., Spaak, P., & Wolinska, J. (2020) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106891 · Cited by 9
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: An Ancient Peptide Family Related to the Secretin Peptide Superfamily
Michalec, O. M., Chang, B. S. W., Lovejoy, N. R., & Lovejoy, D. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00529 · Cited by 9
Mitochondrial genome evolution: the origin of mitochondria and of eukaryotes
Bevan, R. B., & Lang, B. F. (2004) · Topics in current genetics · doi:10.1007/b96830 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Revision of the Capsaspora genome using read mating information adjusts the view on premetazoan genome
Denbo, S., aono, K., Kai, T., Yagasaki, R., Ruiz‐Trillo, I., & Suga, H. (2018) · Development Growth & Differentiation · doi:10.1111/dgd.12587 · Cited by 9
The Protistan Origins of Animals and Fungi
Carr, M., Hopkins, K., & Ginger, M. L. (2023) · The mycota · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29199-9_1 · Cited by 9
Choanoflagellate transfection illuminates their cell biology and the ancestry of animal septinsPreprint
Booth, D. S., Szmidt-Middleton, H., & King, N. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/343111 · Cited by 9
Molecular Phylogeny of Entomopathogens
Gani, M., Hassan, T., Saini, P. K., Gupta, R. K., & Bali, K. (2019) · Sustainability in plant and crop protection · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23045-6_3 · Cited by 8
Functional transition of Pak proto-oncogene during early evolution of metazoans
Watari, A., Iwabe, N., Masuda, H., & Okada, M. (2010) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2010.148 · Cited by 9
Species boundaries in the Astragalus cusickii complex delimited using molecular phylogenetic techniques
Zimmers, J. C., Thomas, M. A., Yang, L., Bombarely, A., Mancuso, M. M., Wojciechowski, M. F., & Smith, J. F. (2017) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.004 · Cited by 8
Choanoflagellatea
Richter, D. J., & Nitsche, F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_5 · Cited by 11
A genomic survey of transposable elements in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta reveals selection on codon usage
Southworth, J., Grace, C. A., Marron, A. O., Fatima, N., & Carr, M. (2019) · Mobile DNA · doi:10.1186/s13100-019-0189-9 · Cited by 8
Taxonomic composition, community structure and molecular novelty of microeukaryotes in a temperate oligomesotrophic lake as revealed by metabarcoding
Mitsi, K., Richter, D. J., Arroyo, A. S., López‐Escardó, D., Antó, M., Oterino, A. G., & Ruiz‐Trillo, I. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30228-4 · Cited by 7
Dysfunctional Pro1 leads to female sterility in rice blast fungi
Uchida, M., Konishi, T., Fujigasaki, A., Kita, K., Arie, T., Teraoka, T., Kanda, Y., Mori, M., Arazoe, T., & Kamakura, T. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107020 · Cited by 7
The Holozoan Capsaspora owczarzaki Possesses a Diverse Complement of Active Transposable Element Families
Carr, M., & Suga, H. (2014) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evu068 · Cited by 7
Biocommunication of Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms
Witzany, G. (1970) · tripleC Communication Capitalism & Critique Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society · doi:10.31269/triplec.v6i1.66 · Cited by 8
Choanoflagellates: Perspective on the Origin of Animal Multicellularity
Fairclough, S. R. (2015) · Advances in marine genomics · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9642-2_5 · Cited by 7
Introduction
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0001 · Cited by 7
Astrobiology: resolution of the statistical Drake equation by Maccone's lognormal method in 50 steps
Mieli, E., Valli, A. M. F., & Maccone, C. (2023) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550423000113 · Cited by 7
Landscape of Eukaryotic Transmembrane Beta Barrel Proteins
Roumia, A. F., Theodoropoulou, M. C., Tsirigos, K. D., Nielsen, H., & Bagos, P. G. (2020) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00740 · Cited by 6
Filastereans and Ichthyosporeans: Models to Understand the Origin of Metazoan Multicellularity
Suga, H., & Ruiz‐Trillo, I. (2015) · Advances in marine genomics · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9642-2_6 · Cited by 7
Metazoan-like signaling in a unicellular receptor tyrosine kinase
Schultheiss, K. P., Craddock, B. P., Tong, M., Seeliger, M. A., & Miller, W. T. (2013) · BMC Biochemistry · doi:10.1186/1471-2091-14-4 · Cited by 6
Phylogenetic positions of several amitochondriate protozoa——Evidence from phylogenetic analysis of DNA topoisomerase II
He, D. (2005) · Science in China Series C Life Sciences · doi:10.1360/04yc0111 · Cited by 6
A genome-scale Opisthokonta tree of life: toward phylogenomic resolution of ancient divergencesPreprint
Liu, H., Steenwyk, J. L., Zhou, X., Schultz, D. T., Kocot, K. M., Shen, X., Rokas, A., & Li, Y. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.556338 · Cited by 6
Microbial sulfate reduction in the tissue of the cold-water sponge Geodia barretti (Tetractinellida, Demospongiea)
Hoffmann, F. (2003) · doi:10.53846/goediss-2374 · Cited by 6
The flagellar germ‐line hypothesis: How flagellate and ciliate gametes significantly shaped the evolution of organismal complexity
Lindemann, C. B. (2021) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202100143 · Cited by 6
Introduction: Keylevels of Biocommunication in Fungi
Witzany, G. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4264-2_1 · Cited by 5
Gene Transfer and the Reconstruction of Life’s Early History from Genomic Data
Gogarten, J. P., Fournier, G. P., & Zhaxybayeva, O. (2008) · Space sciences series of ISSI · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77516-6_10 · Cited by 5
1 Fungi from PCR to Genomics: The Spreading Revolution in Evolutionary Biology
Taylor, J. W., & Berbee, M. L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55318-9_1 · Cited by 5
Mitochondrial Genomes in Unicellular Relatives of Animals
Lavrov, D. V., & Lang, B. F. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1531-2_178 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Une classification mycologique phylogénétique francophone (en 2003)
Selosse, M., & Durrieu, G. (2004) · Acta Botanica Gallica · doi:10.1080/12538078.2004.10516022 · Cited by 5
Epidermis
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0004 · Cited by 5
Potential of marine derived fungi and their enzymes in bioremediation of industrial pollutants
Verma, A. K. (2011) · INFLIBNET · Cited by 5
A genomic survey shows that the haloarchaeal type tyrosyl tRNA synthetase is not a synapomorphy of opisthokonts
Shadwick, J. D., & Ruiz‐Trillo, I. (2011) · European Journal of Protistology · doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2011.10.003 · Cited by 4
Evolution of the Golgi complex
Jékely, G. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-211-76310-0_39 · Cited by 4
ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGY ACTIVITY OF THE PEELING SUBSTANCES BY THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL APPROACHES ON THE SPIROSTOMUM AMBIGUUM CELL MODEL
Uspenskaya, E. V., Плетенева, Т. В., Hạnh, P. M., & Kazimova, I. V. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.22159/ijpps.2021v13i7.41927 · Cited by 4
Excretory systems
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0009 · Cited by 4
Fungal molecular taxonomy
Pagano, M. C., & Rosa, L. H. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118958308.ch20 · Cited by 4
Unikonts, Evolution and Diversification of (with Emphasis on Fungal-Like Forms)
Spiegel, F. W. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800049-6.00248-1 · Cited by 4
Wnt Signaling Networks and Embryonic Patterning
Klymkowsky, M. W. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-28671-3_18 · Cited by 4
Choanoflagellatea
Richter, D. J., & Nitsche, F. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_5-1 · Cited by 3
Chemical Ecology of Choanoflagellates
Gerdt, J. P. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.14631-1 · Cited by 3
Nature of Cancer Explored from the Perspective of the Functional Evolution of Proto-oncogenes
Watari, A. (2012) · YAKUGAKU ZASSHI · doi:10.1248/yakushi.12-00204 · Cited by 3
A massively parallel microfluidic device for long-term visualization of isolated motile cells
Halperin, S. O., Poling, C. T., Mathrani, S. R., Turner, B. W., Greene, A. C., Dueck, M. E., & Myers, F. B. (2014) · Microfluidics and Nanofluidics · doi:10.1007/s10404-014-1372-4 · Cited by 2
1 The Protistan Origins of Animals and Fungi
Carr, M., & Baldauf, S. L. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19974-5_1 · Cited by 3
Introduction: Young Approaches to Animal Evolution
Martín-Durán, J. M., & Vellutini, B. C. (2019) · Fascinating life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18202-1_1 · Cited by 2
Metazoan Phylogeny
Jenner, R. A. (2007) · Evolution of Nervous Systems · doi:10.1016/b0-12-370878-8/00106-3 · Cited by 2
First putative occurrence in the fossil record of choanoflagellates, the sister group of Metazoa
Fonseca, C., Filho, J. G. M., Reolid, M., Duarte, L. V., de Oliveira, A. D., Souza, J. T., & Lézin, C. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26972-8 · Cited by 2
Apicortin, a Putative Apicomplexan-Specific Protein, Is Present in Deep-Branching Opisthokonts
Orosz, F. (2025) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology14060620 · Cited by 2
Single‐domain β‐thymosins: the family history
Edwards, J. G. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06684.x · Cited by 2
Hydrodynamics of Prey Capture and Transportation in Choanoflagellates
Sørensen, S., Asadzadeh, S. S., & Walther, J. H. (2021) · Fluids · doi:10.3390/fluids6030094 · Cited by 2
Mapping the Tree of Life
Pace, N. R. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a36-e · Cited by 2
Sensory organs
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0007 · Cited by 2
Mitochondrial Genomes in Unicellular Relatives of Animals
Lavrov, D. V., & Lang, B. F. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6436-5_178-2 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Rbm45 Phylogenetics, Protein Domain Conservation, and Gene Architecture in Clade Metazoa
Vuchkovska, V., Marti, T. N., Cisneros, A., Saiki, L. M., & Henderson, J. O. (2024) · Journal of Evolutionary Science · doi:10.14302/issn.2689-4602.jes-24-4982 · Cited by 2
The Protistan Cellular and Genomic Roots of Animal Multicellularity
de Mendoza, A., & Sebé-Pedrós, A. (2019) · Fascinating life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18202-1_2 · Cited by 1
Gametes (Spermatozoa)
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0014 · Cited by 2
5 The origin of the dinoflagellate plastid
Bachvaroff, T. R., Concepcion, G. T., Rogers, C. R., Herman, E. M., & Delwiche, C. F. (2003) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.03906001_5.x · Cited by 2
Sialic acid metabolism in the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus
Yeung, J. H. F. (2015) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 2
Cadherin evolution and the origin of animals
Sigg, M. A. (2010) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 2
Rethinking the Evolution of Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Proteins
Orosz, F. (2025) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology14121784 · Cited by 1
Origin of eukaryotic plasmalogen biosynthesis by horizontal gene transfer from myxobacteria
Trinidad-Barnech, J. M., Navalón, I. D. R., Mitsi, K., Monera-Girona, A. J., Najle, S. R., Padmanabhan, S., Ruiz‐Trillo, I., & Arnanz, M. E. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2529738123 · Cited by 1
Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: Mitochondrial Adaptations to Life in Anaerobic Environments
de Graaf, R. M., & Hackstein, J. H. P. (2011) · Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_5 · Cited by 1
Biocommunication of Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms The biosemiotic categorization of rule-governed sign-mediated interactions within and between bacteria, fungi and plants
Witzany, G. (2008) · Cited by 1
Respiratory systems
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0011 · Cited by 1
Nervous system
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0006 · Cited by 1
Actomyosin organelle functions of SPIRE actin nucleators precede animal evolution
Kollmar, M., Welz, T., Ravi, A., Kaufmann, T., Alzahofi, N., Hatje, K., Alghamdi, A., Kim, J., Briggs, D. A., Samol-Wolf, A., et al. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06458-1 · Cited by 2
General body organization
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0003 · Cited by 1
Invasion and evolutionary history of a generalist fish parasite
Sana, S. (2017) · Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University) · Cited by 1
The History of Salpingoeca rosetta as a Model for Reconstructing Animal OriginsPreprint
Booth, D. S., & King, N. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0264.v1 · Cited by 1
Evolutionary conservation and innovations of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factorsPreprint
Francette, A. M., Grover, A., Clark, N., & Arndt, K. M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.11.698887 · Cited by 1
Rhizophydium brooksianumsp. nov., a multipored chytrid from soil
Longcore, J. E. (2004) · Mycologia · doi:10.1080/15572536.2005.11833007 · Cited by 1
The origins of cell communication in the animal kingdom: Notch signalling during embryogenesis and metamorphosis of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica
Richards, G. S. (2010) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.3858.0968
Origem e evolução das algas eucarióticas e de seus cloroplastos com ênfase nas algas vermelhas (Rhodophyta)
Oliveira, M. C. (2013) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.41.2013.tde-15022013-164555
História evolutiva de exon shuffling em eucariotos
França, G. S. (2010) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.46.2010.tde-26042010-134105
Biocommunication of Fungal Organisms
Witzany, G. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3319-2_5
Two Cryptic Species within Astragalus cusickii Delimited Using Molecular Phylogenetic Techniques
Zimmers, J. C. (2015) · ScholarWorks (Boise State University)
几类“无线粒体”原生动物进化地位的探讨
何德, 董玖红, 文建凡, 辛德东, & 卢思奇 (2005) · Science in China Series C-Life Sciences (in Chinese) · doi:10.1360/04zc0111
RNA polymerase II CTD evolutionary diversity and associated protein identification in green and red algae
Yang, C. (2014) · The Scholarship East Carolina University's Institutional Repository (East Carolina University)
Funding: TC-S thanks NERC and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Evolutionary Biology Program for fellowship support and NERC for research grants, and KSJ the Norwegian Research Council for a research project and scholarships to KS, MAM and ME.
Shalchian‐Tabrizi, K., Minge, M. A., Espeland, M., Orr, R. J. S., Ruden, T. A., & Cavalier‐Smith, T. (2008)
Metazoans, Origins of
Klautau., M. R. L., & Russo, C. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800049-6.00270-5 · Cited by 1
A massively parallel microfluidic device for long-term visualization of isolated motile cells Shakked O. HalperinChelsey T. PolingShilpi R. Mathrani • Brendan W. TurnerAdrienne C. GreeneMegan E. Dueck •
Myers, F. B. (2014)
The phylogenetic frame
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0002

Authors: Lang, B. F., O'Kelly, C., Nerad, T., Gray, M. W., & Burger, G.
Affiliations: Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA)
American Type Culture Collection (US)
Corresponding author: Burger, G.
ORCID: Lang, B.F.
Gray, M.W.
Burger, G.
Venue: Current Biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-10
Volume: 12
Issue: 20
Pages: 1773-1778
ISSN: 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)01187-9
OpenAlex: W1999681000
Semantic Scholar: 26c2303c5a2ec3062bf9727ca5b9a6cfeda5155c
Cited by: 326
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 7.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3942 d)
Locations: Current Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Protist diversity and phylogeny
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Keywords: animal origins, Choanoflagellata, Ichthyosporea, Monosiga brevicollis, mitochondrial genome, evolution of multicellularity, protist phylogeny
MeSH terms: Animals, DNA, Mitochondrial, Biological Evolution, Fungi, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Plants, Eukaryota

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Closest Unicellular Relatives of Animals

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks