The political ecology of war: natural resources and armed conflicts
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In mineral-rich conflict-affected countries, securing control over resource deposits often becomes an end in itself, creating a distinct war economy that prolongs the fighting.
“In mineral-rich conflict-affected countries, securing control over resource deposits (oil fields, artisanal gemstone mines) often becomes an end in itself, creating a distinct war economy that prolongs the fighting (134-136).”
From Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change (2021) · cites this paper as [134]
Cites
The Rise of the Network Society
Castells, M. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9781444319514 · Cited by 4,664 · see citing works
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Introducing ACLED: An armed conflict location and event dataset
Raleigh, C., Linke, A., Hegre, H., & Karlsen, J. (2010) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343310378914 · Cited by 1,747 · see citing works
What Do We Know about Natural Resources and Civil War?
Ross, M. L. (2004) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343304043773 · Cited by 1,358 · see citing works
A Diamond Curse?: Civil War and a Lootable Resource
Lujala, P., Gleditsch, N. P., & Gilmore, E. (2005) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002705277548 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Cramer, C. (2002) · World Development · doi:10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00120-1 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Regional Inequalities and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa
Østby, G., Nordås, R., & Rød, J. K. (2009) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00535.x · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Environmental changes and violent conflict
Bernauer, T., Böhmelt, T., & Koubi, V. (2012) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/015601 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
The Kilosa Killings: Political Ecology of a Farmer–Herder Conflict in Tanzania
Benjaminsen, T. A., Maganga, F. P., & Abdallah, J. M. (2009) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2009.01558.x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change
Buhaug, H., & von Uexkull, N. (2021) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-014708 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
ViEWS: A political violence early-warning system
Hegre, H., Allansson, M., Basedau, M., Colaresi, M., Croicu, M., Fjelde, H., Hoyles, F., Hultman, L., Högbladh, S., Jansen, R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343319823860 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Weather, wheat, and war: Security implications of climate variability for conflict in Syria
Linke, A. M., & Ruether, B. (2021) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343320973070 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Akov, E. T. (2017) · African Security Review · doi:10.1080/10246029.2017.1294088 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Tubi, A., & Feitelson, E. (2016) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2015.11.009 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Harris, J., Anderson, M., Clément, C., & Nisbett, N. (2019) · IDS Bulletin · doi:10.19088/1968-2019.112 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cross-border troubles? interstate river conflicts and intrastate violence
McLaughlin Mitchell, S. (2024) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103109 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Le Billon, P.
- Venue
- Political Geography
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 561-584
- ISSN
- 0962-6298 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2123219467
- Cited by
- 1,508
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 117 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 34.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Political Geography (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Natural Resources and Economic Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones
- Keywords
- political ecology, armed conflict, natural resources, resource dependence, resource extraction, commodity markets, post-Cold War conflicts, environmental rights, globalization, peacebuilding, oil, timber, gems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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