Thyroid hormone receptors: lessons from knockout and knock-in mutant mice
Abstract
The genes encoding thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta (TRalpha and TRbeta) encode four thyroid hormone receptors and four variant isoforms with antagonistic properties. Because of this complexity, numerous models of TR mutation have been developed to understand the functions of specific receptors. In total, 13 mutant strains are now available. Phenotype analysis has shown that the two genes serve distinct functions: TRalpha is crucial for postnatal development and cardiac function, whereas TRbeta mainly controls inner ear and retina development, liver metabolism and thyroid hormone levels. These mouse mutant strains also provide us with the unique opportunity to address the respective contribution of each receptor isoform and isotype in vivo and highlight the in vivo importance of the ligand-independent function of the TR gene products.
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Loss of TRs allows the survival of congenitally hypothyroid mice.
“Loss of TRs similarly allows the survival of congenitally hypothyroid mice”
From Thyroid hormone regulates distinct paths to maturation in pigment cell lineages (2019) · cites this paper as Flamant and Samarut, 2003
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Self-citationCentral vs. Peripheral Action of Thyroid Hormone in Adaptive Thermogenesis: A Burning Topic
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Flamant, F., & Samarut, J.
- Affiliations
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon (FR)
- ORCID
- Flamant, Frédéric
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 85-90
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2021507484
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- thyroid hormone receptor, TRα, thyroid hormone receptor beta, receptor isoforms, knockout mice, postnatal development, cardiac function, inner ear development, retinal development, hepatic metabolism, thyroid hormone levels
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mice, Transgenic, Phenotype, Receptors, Thyroid Hormone, Signal Transduction, Mice, Knockout, Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha, Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta, Mice
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