Back to central tolerance
Open accessAbstract
The establishment and maintenance of immunological tolerance entails both central and peripheral mechanisms. The latter have been highlighted in the past several years, mostly because of great interest in the activities of regulatory T cells. However, an important role for central tolerance mechanisms has been reemphasized by recent results on human autoimmune diseases, including APECED and type 1 diabetes.
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True pathogenic antigens causing the breakdown have not been identified for many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and other tissue-specific disorders.
“However, true pathogenic antigens causing the breakdown have not been identified for many autoimmune diseases, including RA and other tissue-specific disorders (229–231).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [231]
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“However, true pathogenic antigens causing the breakdown have not been identified for many autoimmune diseases, including RA and other tissue-specific disorders (229–231).”
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“These include the deletion of high-affinity selfreactive T cell clones in the thymus (Mathis and Benoist, 2004) and various peripheral mechanisms that keep escaped autoreactive T cells in check (Walker and Abbas, 2002).”
Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice
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A CENTRAL ROLE FOR CENTRAL TOLERANCE
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“In this regard, the polyendocrine autoimmune disease APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy) or APS-1 (autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1) has yielded important insights of late (Mathis and Benoist, 2004).”
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“The importance of TEC-derived self antigens for the induction of both dominant and recessive modes of central tolerance is undispute”
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“Various complex molecular processes differentially interact in each of these disease states, which often manifest with similar symptoms, making it difficult to identify general etiologic mechanisms (Andersson and Holmdahl, 2005; Davidson and Diamond, 2001; Falcone and Sarvetnick, 1999; Marrack et al., 2001; Mathis and…”
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“dtd" [ ]> As thymocytes develop, most autoreactive cells are eliminated through negative selectio”
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“T-cell tolerance to self-antigens is generated through both central and peripheral mechanisms 8, 9 .”
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Jiang, W.-Y., Anderson, M. S., Bronson, R. T., Mathis, D., & Benoist, C. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20050693 · Cited by 258
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“It remains to be determined whether defects in central tolerance contribute significantly to most multigenic autoimmune disease”
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Giraud, M., Taubert, R., Vandiedonck, C., Ke, X., Lévi‐Strauss, M., Pagani, F., Baralle, F. E., Eymard, B., Tranchant, C., Gajdos, P., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06066 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
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“Central tolerance is the mechanism able to eliminate newly developing T cells and B cells that have high affinity to self (Mathis and Benoist, 2004).”
BackgroundAIRE and APECED: molecular insights into an autoimmune disease
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“recognise self-antigen [7] and tolerance mechanisms are”
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“Many of these self-reactive T cells are purged during negative selection, due to the expression of the self protein within the thymus by dendritic cells or medullary thymic epithelial cells (Kappler et al., 1987; Kisielow et al., 1988; Mathis and Benoist, 2004; Kyewski and Klein, 2006).”
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“It is clear that the recognition of specific antigens by autoreactive T cells contributes to the tissue specificity of several autoimmune diseases (Marrack et al., 2001; Mathis and Benoist, 2004).”
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Modulation of Immune Cell Functions by the E3 Ligase Cbl-b
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“Autoimmunity is mainly averted through central tolerance by negative selection of thymocytes carrying TCR for self-antigens (43, 44).”
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Dendritic cells: vehicles for tolerance induction and prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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BackgroundTNF receptor family signaling in the development and functions of medullary thymic epithelial cells
Akiyama, T., Shinzawa, M., & Akiyama, N. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00278 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
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“. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders since then, but not enough to prevent or reverse the disease. The abrogation of central and peripheral tolerance underpins the genesis of all autoimmune diseases”
BackgroundBreaking tolerance in cancer immunotherapy: time to ACT
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“T-cell tolerance mechanisms normally prevent autoimmune diabetes in mice and humans (1,2), and T cell–directed treatment with antiCD3 monoclonal antibodies slows the loss of insulin production in the 1st year after diabetes diagnosis (3).”
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“In these disorders, defective central tolerance (Mathis and Benoist, 2004) and peripheral regulation (Josefowicz et al.”
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“This would result in circumvention of clonal deletion and/or selftolerance (188, 189).”
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“TISSUE-SPECIFIC MHC CLASS II-ASSOCIATED AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND ANTIGEN-RECOGNITIONS BY CD4+ T CELLS It has been proposed that autoimmune diseases are caused by a breakdown of self-tolerance due to multiple genetic and/or environmental factors (Marrack et al., 2001; Mathis and Benoist, 2004), suggesting the dysregulat…”
InfluentialThe Role of Dendritic Cells in Central Tolerance
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“For example, type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) is an autoimmune disease targeting pancreatic insulin-secreting beta cells, leading to inadequate insulin secretion, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis [12, 13].”
Ltβr Signaling Does Not Regulate Aire-Dependent Transcripts in Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells1
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“They may include physical deletionof freshly emerging self-reactiveT cell clones, but generation of regulatory T cells is another viable possibility (Mathis and Benoist 2004).”
BackgroundThymus‐resident memory CD8+ T cells mediate local immunity
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“Therefore, the expression of antigen within the thymus has to be tightly controlled [12].”
BackgroundRegulation of peripheral T cell tolerance by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b
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“Thymic selection aims at generating a pool of useful T cells: T cells whose T cells receptors are able to recognize and become activated when interacting with self major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC) expressing foreign peptides (self-restricted), but that are tolerant to self-MHC molecules expressing self…”
BackgroundFormation of Human Neuroblastoma in Mouse-Human Neural Crest Chimeras
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“Immune tolerance may develop because of central thymic tolerance or because of peripheral tolerance (Mathis and Benoist, 2004; Xing and Hogquist, 2012).”
BackgroundThe vicious cycle of apoptotic β‐cell death in type 1 diabetes
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“There are many explanations for the ineffectiveness of DC tumor vaccines, including inefficient antigen loading methods; DC maturation state and trafficking ability; the heterogeneous nature of DC populations; tumor antigen mutations; tumor-mediated immunosuppression; self-tolerance of autoreactive, low-avidity T cell…”
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“Autoimmune diseases affecting humans and animals are genetically complex [1, 2].”
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Inhibition of HLA-DM Mediated MHC Class II Peptide Loading by HLA-DO Promotes Self Tolerance
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“CD4 T cells are immunologically tolerant of self-pMHCII complexes since inappropriate T cell activation contributes to the development of autoimmune disease (1).”
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Peripheral T cells in the thymus: have they just lost their way or do they do something?
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“, 2008), it has been proposed that extensive interactions between mTECs and thymocytes are required for establishment of central tolerance (Kyewski and Klein, 2006; Mathis and Benoist, 2004).”
BackgroundImmune Tolerance Induction by Integrating Innate and Adaptive Immune Regulators
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Diabetes Is Predicted by the β Cell Level of Autoantigen1
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- Authors
- Mathis, D., & Benoist, C.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Benoist, Christophe
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 509-516
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2047784036
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3364 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- central tolerance, peripheral tolerance, immune tolerance, regulatory T cells, autoimmune disease, APECED, type 1 diabetes, autoimmunity
- MeSH terms
- AIRE Protein, Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Lymphocyte Activation, T-Lymphocytes, Thymus Gland, Transcription Factors
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