The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Increased expression of a novel Aspergillus fumigatus ABC transporter gene, atrF, in the presence of itraconazole in an itraconazole resistant clinical isolate
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequent causative agent of invasive aspergillosis. Itraconazole became available in 1990 to treat invasive aspergillosis, but instances of resistance have now been described. Drug efflux was a proposed mechanism in one itraconazole resistant clinical isolate (AF72) which accumulates low levels of the drug. Drug efflux in fungi can be mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCT) genes, such as CDR1 in Candida albicans. Using a probe derived from CDR1, a gene, atrF, was cloned from A. fumigatus. The atrF gene product (AtrF) is 1547 amino acids long and has characteristic multidrug resistance motifs. Dot blot analysis revealed that AF72 has approximately 5-fold higher levels of atrF mRNA than susceptible isolates AF10 and H06-03 in cultures with sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) levels of itraconazole. atrF is the first ABCT gene cloned from A. fumigatus, whose overexpression is correlated with itraconazole resistance.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Overexpression of multidrug efflux transporters also mediates azole resistance in other fungal pathogens, with the major players being the ABC transporters Afr1 and AtrF for C. neoformans and A. fumigatus, respectively60,61.”
From Molecular mechanisms governing antifungal drug resistance (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
Citations
Cites
Molecular mechanisms of CFTR chloride channel dysfunction in cystic fibrosis
Welsh, M. J., & Smith, A. E. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90353-r · Cited by 1,485
Clinical, Cellular, and Molecular Factors That Contribute to Antifungal Drug Resistance
White, T. C., Marr, K. A., & Bowden, R. A. (1998) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.11.2.382 · Cited by 1,353
Sanglard, D., Kuchler, K., Ischer, F., Pagani, J. L., Monod, M., & Bille, J. (1995) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.39.11.2378 · Cited by 815
Self-citationTrends in the postmortem epidemiology of invasive fungal infections at a University Hospital
Groll, A. H., Shah, P. M., MENTZEL, C., Schneider, M., Just‐Nübling, G., & Huebner, K. (1996) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(96)92700-0 · Cited by 777
Therapeutic Outcome in Invasive Aspergillosis
Denning, D. W. (1996) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/23.3.608 · Cited by 683
Self-citationWhite, T. C. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.7.1482 · Cited by 612
Sanglard, D., Ischer, F., Monod, M., & Bille, J. (1997) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-143-2-405 · Cited by 587
Self-citationItraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus
Denning, D. W., Venkateswarlu, K., Oakley, K. L., Anderson, M. J., Manning, N. J., Stevens, D. A., Warnock, D. W., & Kelly, S. L. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.6.1364 · Cited by 507
Self-citationPrasad, R., De Wergifosse, P., Goffeau, A., & Balzi, E. (1995) · Current Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00352101 · Cited by 486
Gene Structure in Eukaryotic Microbes
Kinghorn, J. R. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 470
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Johnston, D., Cannom, R.R.M., Filler, S.G., 2000. Amino acid substitutions in the Aspergillus fumigatus ERG11 gene product render it resistant to itraconazole yet susceptibility to voriconazole is maintained. Abstract. Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Patterson, T. F., Thompson, G. R., Denning, D. W., Fishman, J. A., Hadley, S., Herbrecht, R., Kontoyiannis, D. P., Marr, K. A., Morrison, V. A., Nguyen, M. H., et al. (2016) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciw326 · Cited by 2,926
Self-citationMechanisms of Antifungal Drug Resistance
Cowen, L. E., Sanglard, D., Howard, S. J., Rogers, P. D., & Perlin, D. S. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a019752 · Cited by 647
Self-citationResistance to Antifungal Agents: Mechanisms and Clinical Impact
Kanafani, Z. A., & Perfect, J. R. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/524071 · Cited by 619
Efflux-Mediated Antifungal Drug Resistance
Cannon, R. D., Lamping, E., Holmes, A. R., Niimi, K., Baret, P. V., Keniya, M. V., Tanabe, K., Niimi, M., Goffeau, A., & Monk, B. C. (2009) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00051-08 · Cited by 608
Regulatory circuitry governing fungal development, drug resistance, and disease.
Shapiro, R. S., Robbins, N., & Cowen, L. E. (2011) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00045-10 · Cited by 576
Metadata
- Authors
- Slaven, J. W., Anderson, M. J., Sanglard, D., Dixon, G. K., Bille, J., Roberts, I. S., & Denning, D. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- AstraZeneca (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Denning, David W
- Venue
- Fungal Genetics and Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 199-206
- ISSN
- 1087-1845 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2097302864
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Fungal Genetics and Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Aspergillus fumigatus, ABC transporters, itraconazole resistance, drug efflux, multidrug resistance, gene overexpression, invasive aspergillosis, antifungal resistance
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Antifungal Agents, Aspergillus fumigatus, Base Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunoblotting, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Itraconazole, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
