The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Is there a connection between estrogen and Parkinson’s disease?
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that estrogens may protect the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). Animal studies show that estrogens influence the synthesis, release, and metabolism of dopamine and can modulate dopamine receptor expression and function. Some clinical studies suggest that PD symptoms may be exacerbated after menopause and delayed or alleviated with hormone replacement therapy, but others have failed to observe positive estrogenic effects. The conflicting findings suggest that several variables, including age, estrogen dose and formulation, and timing and length of dosing period, may determine whether benefits are seen and the nature of these benefits. Further investigation is therefore needed for the relationship between estrogens and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.
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“Additionally, depending on endogenous and exogenous factors, the half-life of caffeine is 2 to 10 h (average 3.7 h), and is mainly excreted by urine after being metabolized in the liver [7].”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Since estrogen has a neuroprotective or neurotrophic effect and regulates the dopamine system of the black striatum [7], estrogen regulates the effect of caffeine on the dopamine system and suggests that a complex interaction between caffeine, estrogen, and dopamine exists in the basal ganglia system [8].”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Caffeine also has psychostimulant effects via modulation of the dopaminergic neuron [10], contributing to an attenuated risk for depression in coffee drinkers [7].”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
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Pourabolghasem, S., & Najmi, S. (2017) · International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy · doi:10.19070/2572-7613-1700012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shulman, L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shulman, Lisa M.
- ORCID
- Shulman, Lisa M.
- Venue
- Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 289-295
- ISSN
- 1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1979867396
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- estrogen, Parkinson's disease
- MeSH terms
- Estrogens, Female, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Estrogen Replacement Therapy
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