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Early T-cell precursor leukaemia: a subtype of very high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Open access
Coustan-Smith, Elaine, Mullighan, Charles G, Onciu, Mihaela, Behm, Frederick G, Raimondi, Susana C, Pei, Deqing, Cheng, Cheng, Su, Xiaoping, Rubnitz, Jeffrey E, Basso, Giuseppe, Biondi, Andrea, Pui, Ching-Hon, Downing, James R, Campana, Dario·2009·The Lancet Oncology

Abstract

Background Approximately one-fifth of children with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) succumb to the disease, suggesting unrecognized biologic heterogeneity that may contribute to drug resistance. We hypothesized that T-ALL originating from early T-cell precursors (ETPs), a recently defined subset of thymocytes that retain stem cell-like features, would respond poorly to lymphoid-cell directed therapy. We studied leukemic cells, collected at diagnosis, to identify cases with ETP features and determine their clinical outcome. Methods Leukemic cells from 239 patients with T-ALL enrolled at St. Jude and in the Italian national study AIEOP ALL-2000 were examined by gene expression profiling, flow cytometry and single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis. Probabilities of survival and treatment failure were calculated for subgroups considered to have ETP-ALL or typical T-ALL. Findings Thirty patients (12.6%) had leukemic lymphoblasts with an ETP-related gene expression signature or its associated distinctive immunophenotype (CD1a−, CD8−, CD5weak with stem-cell/myeloid markers). Cases of ETP-ALL showed increased genomic instability. Patients with this form of leukemia had a very high proportion of remission failure or hematologic relapse: 72% (95% confidence interval, 40% to 100%) at 10 years versus 10% (4% to 16%) for typical TALL patients treated at St. Jude; and 57% (25% to 89%) at 2 years versus 14% (6% to 22%) for patients treated in the AIEOP trial. Interpretation ETP-ALL is a distinct, previously unrecognized, pathobiologic entity that confers a dire prognosis with use of standard intensive chemotherapy. Its early recognition, using the criteria outlined here, is essential for the development of an effective clinical management strategy.

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Metadata

Authors
Coustan-Smith, E., Mullighan, C. G., Onciu, M., Behm, F. G., Raimondi, S. C., Pei, D., Cheng, C., Su, X., Rubnitz, J. E., Basso, G., Biondi, A., Pui, C.-H., Downing, J. R., & Campana, D.
Venue
The Lancet Oncology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-02
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
147-156
ISSN
1470-2045 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2166306614
Cited by
1,019
References
33
FWCI
41.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Early T-cell precursor leukaemia: a subtype of very high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70314-0
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Coustan-Smith, E., Mullighan, C. G., Onciu, M., Behm, F. G., Raimondi, S. C., Pei, D., Cheng, C., Su, X., Rubnitz, J. E., Basso, G., Biondi, A., Pui, C.-H., Downing, J. R., & Campana, D. (2009). Early T-cell precursor leukaemia: a subtype of very high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The Lancet Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70314-0

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