The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal infection in adults in 2020: a modelling analysis
Open accessAbstract
Summary Background: We present a 2020 estimate of the global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal infection (antigenemia), cryptococcal meningitis, and cryptococcal-associated deaths. The estimates of national, regional, and global burden of cryptococcal meningitis are critical to guide prevention strategies and determine needs for diagnostic tests and treatments. Methods: We used Joint UN Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates (2019 to 2020) and population-based HIV impact assessment (PHIA) surveys from 2016 to 2018 to estimate the number of adults with CD4 counts of <200 cells/μL at risk for cryptococcosis, by country and region. Secondly, we summarized cryptococcal antigenemia (CrAg) prevalence in CD4<200 cells/μL by reviewing published literature. Thereafter, we calculated the number of CrAg-positive people by country and region by multiplying the number with advanced HIV disease at risk for cryptococcal infection by the CrAg-positive prevalence of the respective country or region. We estimated progression from CrAg-positive to meningitis and/or death based on estimates from the published literature. Findings: We estimate 4.3 million adults with CD4 counts of <200 cells/μL globally. We calculated a mean global cryptococcal antigenemia prevalence of 4·4% (95% CI, 1·6% to 7·4%) among HIV-infected people with CD4 counts of <200 cells/μL, corresponding to 179,000 (IQR 133,000 to 219,000) cases of cryptococcal antigenemia (infection) globally in 2020. Annually, we estimate 152,000 (IQR 111,000 to 185,000) cases of cryptococcal meningitis, resulting in 112,000 cryptococcal-related deaths (IQR 79,000 to 134,000). Globally cryptococcal disease results in 19% (IQR 13% to 24%) of AIDS-related mortality. Interpretation: Despite a reduction in the estimated absolute global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis compared to 2014, likely due to ART expansion, cryptococcal disease still accounts for 19% of AIDS-related deaths, similar to 2014 estimates. To end cryptococcal meningitis deaths by 2030 cryptococcal diagnostics, meningitis treatments, and implementation of preventive screening are critically needed.
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Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis
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Self-citationCryptococcal infection in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults
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Jarvis, J. N., Lawrence, D. S., Meya, D. B., Kagimu, E., Kasibante, J., Mpoza, E., Rutakingirwa, M. K., Ssebambulidde, K., Tugume, L., Rhein, J., et al. (2022) · LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) · Cited by 213
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Rolfes, M. A., Hullsiek, K. H., Rhein, J., Nabeta, H. W., Taseera, K., Schutz, C., Musubire, A., Rajasingham, R., Williams, D. A., Thienemann, F., et al. (2014) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciu596 · Cited by 192
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rajasingham, R., Govender, N. P., Jordan, A., Loyse, A., Shroufi, A., Denning, D. W., Meya, D. B., Chiller, T. M., & Boulware, D. R.
- Venue
- The Lancet Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1748-1755
- ISSN
- 1473-3099 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4293509742
- Cited by
- 587
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 72.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Rajasingham, R., Govender, N. P., Jordan, A., Loyse, A., Shroufi, A., Denning, D. W., Meya, D. B., Chiller, T. M., & Boulware, D. R. (2022). The global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal infection in adults in 2020: a modelling analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00499-6
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
