The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 117 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Frailty and the endocrine system
Abstract
Frailty is a condition characterised by loss of biological reserves, failure of homoeostatic mechanisms, and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. The endocrine system is considered particularly important in frailty, because of its complex inter-relationships with the brain, immune system, and skeletal muscle. This Review summarises evidence indicating a key role for the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the pathogenesis of frailty through aberrant regulation of glucocorticoid secretion, insulin-like growth factor signalling, and androgen production. Evidence also indicates a potential role for vitamin D and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of frailty. The role of thyroid hormones in the pathogenesis of frailty remains uncertain. Key convergent pathological effects of frailty include loss of muscle mass and strength, with consequent impact on mobility and activities of daily living. Future translational research should focus on the understanding of endocrine mechanisms, to identify potential biomarkers of the condition, modifiable targets for treatment, and novel pharmacological drugs targeted at the endocrine components of frailty.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907
Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Baeyens, J. P., Bauer, J. M., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Landi, F., Martin, F. C., Michel, J.-P., Rolland, Y., Schneider, S. M., et al. (2010) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afq034 · Cited by 11,601
ATS Statement: Guidelines for the Six-Minute Walk Test
(2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102 · Cited by 11,195
Holick, M. F., Binkley, N. C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Gordon, C. M., Hanley, D. A., Heaney, R. P., Murad, M. H., & Weaver, C. M. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385 · Cited by 10,538
Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M. O., & Rockwood, K. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62167-9 · Cited by 9,503
Self-citationSapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389 · Cited by 7,541
Sapolsky, R. M. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.21.1.55 · Cited by 7,533
Abarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z. A., Hamid, Z. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., Adams, R. J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3 · Cited by 7,482
Origin and physiological roles of inflammation
Medzhitov, R. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07201 · Cited by 6,618
Zhou, B., Lu, Y., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Danaei, G., Bixby, H., Cowan, M., Ali, M., Taddei, C., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00618-8 · Cited by 4,311
Cited by
European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Endocrine work-up in obesity
Pasquali, R., Casanueva, F., Haluzik, M., van Hulsteijn, L., Ledoux, S., Monteiro, M. P., Salvador, J., Santini, F., Toplak, H., & Dekkers, O. M. (2020) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-19-0893 · Cited by 188
El Assar, M., Carnicero, J. A., Angulo, J., Cámara-Hernández, V., García-García, F. J., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2024) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2023.09.015 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Clegg, A., & Hassan-Smith, Z.
- Venue
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 743-752
- ISSN
- 2213-8587 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2796661030
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 117
- FWCI
- 7.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Frailty and the endocrine system. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30110-4
- The paper
- Clegg, A., & Hassan-Smith, Z. (2018). Frailty and the endocrine system. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30110-4
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
