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Cited by 4,311Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and ResearchHealthcare Systems and Public Health

Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4·4 million participants

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Zhou, B, Lu, Y, Hajifathalian, K, Bentham, J, Di Cesare, M, Danaei, G, Bixby, H, Cowan, MJ +506 more·2016·The Lancet
DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00618-8PMC PMC5081106
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. METHODS: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. FINDINGS: We used data from 751 studies including 4,372,000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. INTERPRETATION: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust.

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  • The 2016 NCD-RisC Study projected that the probability of meeting global targets to halt the rising diabetes prevalence by 2025 was lower than 1% for women and even lower for men.

    “The 2016 NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Study projected that the probability of meeting global targets to halt the rising diabetes prevalence by 2025 was lower than 1% for women and even lower for men.11”

    From Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (2023) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Results state that, if post-2000 trends continue, the worldwide probability of meeting the 2025 diabetes target is lower than 1% for men but is 1% for women. The claim gets the ordering right, but incorrectly says the probability for women is lower than 1%. (LLM, conf=0.94)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Differences between estimates produced by GBD and IDF or NCD-RisC are likely to be due to differences in methods, case inclusion criteria, and data sources used.

    “Differences between estimates produced by GBD and IDF or NCD-RisC are likely to be due to differences in methods, case inclusion criteria, and data sources used.”

    From Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (2023) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Discussion (page not provided) reports that this paper’s diabetes estimates differed from IDF estimates in some countries and regions. The Methods describe its data sources and diabetes definitions, but our copy does not say that differences between GBD and IDF or NCD-RisC estimates are likely caused by differences in methods, case inclusion criteria, and data sources. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Zhou, B., Lu, Y., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Danaei, G., Bixby, H., Cowan, M., Ali, M., Taddei, C., Lo, W., Reis-Santos, B., Stevens, G., Riley, L., Miranda, J., Bjerregaard, P., Rivera, J., Fouad, H., Ma, G., Mbanya, J., McGarvey, S., Mohan, V, Onat, A., Pilav, A., Ramachandran, A., Romdhane, H., Paciorek, C., Bennett, J., Ezzati, M., Abdeen, Z., Abdul Kadir, K., Abu-Rmeileh, N., Acosta-Cazares, B., Adams, R., Aekplakorn, W., Aguilar-Salinas, C., Agyemang, C., Ahmadvand, A., Al-Othman, A., Alkerwi, A., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Andersen, L., Anderssen, S., Anjana, R., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Aris, T., Arlappa, N., Arveiler, D., Assah, F., Avdicová, M., Azizi, F., Balakrishna, N., Bandosz, P., Barbagallo, C., Barceló, A., Batieha, A., Baur, L., Romdhane, H., Benet, M., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Bharadwaj, S., Bhargava, S., Bi, Y., Bjerregaard, P., Bjertness, E., Bjertness, M., Björkelund, C., Blokstra, A., Bo, S., Boehm, B., Boissonnet, C., Bovet, P., Brajkovich, I., Breckenkamp, J., Brenner, H., Brewster, L., Brian, G., Bruno, G., Bugge, A., Cabrera de León, A., Can, G., Cândido, A., Capuano, V, Carlsson, A., Carvalho, M., Casanueva, F., Casas, J., Caserta, C., Castetbon, K., Chamukuttan, S., Chaturvedi, N., Chen, C., Chen, F., Chen, S., Cheng, C., Chetrit, A., Chiou, S., Cho, Y., Chudek, J., Cifkova, R., Claessens, F., Concin, H., Cooper, C., Cooper, R., Costanzo, S., Cottel, D., Cowell, C., Crujeiras, A., D'Arrigo, G., Dallongeville, J., Dankner, R., Dauchet, L., de Gaetano, G., De Henauw, S., Deepa, M., Dehghan, A., Deschamps, V, Dhana, K., Di Castelnuovo, A., Djalalinia, S., Doua, K., Drygas, W., Du, Y., Dzerve, V, Egbagbe, E., Eggertsen, R., El Ati, J., Elosua, R., Erasmus, R., Erem, C., Ergor, G., Eriksen, L., Escobedo-de la Peña, J., Fall, C., Farzadfar, F., Felix-Redondo, F., Ferguson, T., Fernández-Bergés, D., Ferrari, M., Ferreccio, C., Feskens, E., Finn, J., Föger, B., Foo, L., Forslund, A., Fouad, H., Francis, D., Franco Mdo, C., Franco, O., Frontera, G., Furusawa, T., Gaciong, Z., Garnett, S., Gaspoz, J., Gasull, M., Gates, L., Geleijnse, J., Ghasemian, A., Ghimire, A., Giampaoli, S., Gianfagna, F., Giovannelli, J., Giwercman, A., Gross, M., González Rivas, J., Gorbea, M., Gottrand, F., Grafnetter, D., Grodzicki, T., Grøntved, A., Gruden, G., Gu, D., Guan, O., Guerrero, R., Guessous, I., Guimaraes, A., Gutierrez, L., Hambleton, I., Hardy, R., Hari Kumar, R., Hata, J., He, J., Heidemann, C., Herrala, S., Hihtaniemi, I., Ho, S., Ho, S., Hofman, A., Hormiga, C., Horta, B., Houti, L., Howitt, C., Htay, T., Htet, A., Htike, M., Hu, Y., Hussieni, A., Huybrechts, I., Hwalla, N., Iacoviello, L., Iannone, A., Ibrahim, M., Ikeda, N., Ikram, M., Irazola, V., Islam, M., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, J., Jafar, T., Jamil, K., Jasienska, G., Jiang, C., Jonas, J., Joshi, P., Kafatos, A., Kalter-Leibovici, O., Kasaeian, A., Katz, J., Kaur, P., Kavousi, M., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Kelishadi, R., Kengne, A., Kersting, M., Khader, Y., Khalili, D., Khang, Y., Kiechl, S., Kim, J., Kolsteren, P., Korrovits, P., Kratzer, W., Kromhout, D., Kujala, U., Kula, K., Kyobutungi, C., Laatikainen, T., Lachat, C., Laid, Y., Lam, T., Landrove, O., Lanska, V, Lappas, G., Laxmaiah, A., Leclercq, C., Lee, J., Lee, J., Lehtimäki, T., Lekhraj, R., León-Muñoz, L., Li, Y., Lim, W., Lima-Costa, M., Lin, H., Lin, X., Lissner, L., Lorbeer, R., Lozano, J., Luksiene, D., Lundqvist, A., Lytsy, P., Ma, G., Machado-Coelho, G., Machi, S., Maggi, S., Magliano, D., Makdisse, M., Mallikharjuna Rao, K., Manios, Y., Manzato, E., Margozzini, P., Marques-Vidal, P., Martorell, R., Masoodi, Sr., Mathiesen, E., Matsha, T., Mbanya, J., McFarlane, Sr., McGarvey, S., McLachlan, S., McNulty, B., Mediene-Benchekor, S., Meirhaeghe, A., Menezes, A., Merat, S., Meshram, II, Mi, J., Miquel, J., Miranda, J., Mohamed, M., Mohammad, K., Mohammadifard, N., Mohan, V, Mohd Yusoff, M., Møller, N., Molnár, D., Mondo, C., Morejon, A., Moreno, L., Morgan, K., Moschonis, G., Mossakowska, M., Mostafa, A., Mota, J., Motta, J., Mu, T., Muiesan, M., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Mursu, J., Nagel, G., Námešná, J., Nang, E., NangThetia, V., Navarrete-Muñoz, E., Ndiaye, N., Nenko, I., Nervi, F., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, Q., Nieto-Martínez, R., Ning, G., Ninomiya, T., Noale, M., Noto, D., Nsour, M., Ochoa-Avilés, A., Oh, K., Onat, A., Ordunez, P., Osmond, C., Otero, J., Owusu-Dabo, E., Pahomova, E., Palmieri, L., Panda-Jonas, S., Panza, F., Parsaeian, M., Peixoto, S., Pelletier, C., Peltonen, M., Peters, A., Peykari, N., Pham, S., Pilav, A., Pitakaka, F., Piwonska, A., Piwonski, J., Plans-Rubió, P., Porta, M., Portegies, M., Poustchi, H., Pradeepa, R., Price, J., Punab, M., Qasrawi, R., Qorbani, M., Radisauskas, R., Rahman, M., Raitakari, O., Rao, Sr., Ramachandran, A., Ramke, J., Ramos, R., Rampal, S., Rathmann, W., Redon, J., Reganit, P., Rigo, F., Robinson, S., Robitaille, C., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Rodriguez-Perez Mdel, C., Rodríguez-Villamizar, L., Rojas-Martinez, R., Ronkainen, K., Rosengren, A., Rubinstein, A., Rui, O., Ruiz-Betancourt, B., Russo Horimoto, R., Rutkowski, M., Sabanayagam, C., Sachdev, H., Saidi, O., Sakarya, S., Salanave, B., Salonen, J., Salvetti, M., Sánchez-Abanto, J., Santos, D., dos Santos, R., Santos, R., Saramies, J., Sardinha, L., Sarrafzadegan, N., Saum, K., Scazufca, M., Schargrodsky, H., Scheidt-Nave, C., Sein, A., Sharma, S., Shaw, J., Shibuya, K., Shin, Y., Shiri, R., Siantar, R., Sibai, A., Simon, M., Simons, J., Simons, L., Sjostrom, M., Slowikowska-Hilczer, J., Slusarczyk, P., Smeeth, L., Snijder, M., So, H., Sobngwi, E., Söderberg, S., Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E., Soumare, A., Staessen, J., Stathopoulou, M., Steene-Johannessen, J., Stehle, P., Stein, A., Stessman, J., Stöckl, D., Stokwiszewski, J., Stronks, K., Strufaldi, M., Sun, C., Sundström, J., Sung, Y., Suriyawongpaisal, P., Sy, R., Tai, E., Tamosiunas, A., Tang, L., Tarawneh, M., Tarqui-Mamani, C., Taylor, A., Theobald, H., Thijs, L., Thuesen, B., Tolonen, H., Tolstrup, J., Topbas, M., Torrent, M., Traissac, P., Trinh, O., Tulloch-Reid, M., Tuomainen, T., Turley, M., Tzourio, C., Ueda, P., Ukoli, F., Ulmer, H., Uusitalo, H., Valdivia, G., Valvi, D., van Rossem, L., van Valkengoed, I., Vanderschueren, D., Vanuzzo, D., Vega, T., Velasquez-Melendez, G., Veronesi, G., Verschuren, W., Verstraeten, R., Viet, L., Vioque, J., Virtanen, J., Visvikis-Siest, S., Viswanathan, B., Vollenweider, P., Voutilainen, S., Vrijheid, M., Wade, A., Wagner, A., Walton, J., Wan Mohamud, W., Wang, F., Wang, M., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Wannamethee, S., Weerasekera, D., Whincup, P., Widhalm, K., Wiecek, A., Wijga, A., Wilks, R., Willeit, J., Wilsgaard, T., Wojtyniak, B., Wong, T., Woo, J., Woodward, M., Wu, F., Wu, S., Xu, H., Yan, W., Yang, X., Ye, X., Yoshihara, A., Younger-Coleman, N., Zambon, S., Zargar, A., Zdrojewski, T., Zhao, W., Zheng, Y., & Zuñiga Cisneros, J.
Affiliations
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • Inserm (FR)
ORCID
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-04
Volume
387
Issue
10027
Pages
1513-1530
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00618-8
PMC
PMC5081106
OpenAlex
W2338167986
Cited by
4,311
References
11
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FWCI
605.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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  • Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (acceptedVersion)
  • Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
  • BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (acceptedVersion)
  • e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (acceptedVersion)
  • ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
  • Hispana (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
  • Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London) (acceptedVersion)
  • QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Middlesex University Research Repository (Middlesex University Of London) (submittedVersion)
  • Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
  • LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Repositorio Institucional (Universidad de Cuenca) (submittedVersion)
  • Dspace Repository (Marmara Üniversitesi) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Epubl LTU (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Arca - Repositório Institucional da Fiocruz (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Docusalut (Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
  • IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion)
  • Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Archivo Digital UPM (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Dspace Repository (Marmara Üniversitesi) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
  • Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
  • Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • World Health Organization
  • Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete
  • Brown University
  • Emory University
  • Univerzita Karlova v Praze
  • Universitetet i Tromsø
  • American University of Beirut
  • Itä-Suomen Yliopisto
  • Tulane University
  • Johns Hopkins University
  • Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
  • Ministry of Health and Welfare
  • Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum
  • Wellcome Trust (100693)
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
  • Birzeit University
  • Fred Hollows Foundation
  • Université de Lille
  • Duke-NUS Medical School
  • Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Universidade Federal de Pelotas
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0510-10090, NF-SI-0508-10082, NF-SI-0513-10085)
  • British Heart Foundation (PG/13/66/30442, PG/05/046/18730)
  • University of Southampton
  • Imperial College London
  • University College London
  • South African Medical Research Council
  • National University of Singapore
  • Indian Council of Medical Research
  • India Diabetes Research Foundation
  • Singapore Eye Research Institute
  • Nanyang Technological University
  • Public Health Agency
  • University College Dublin
  • Universität Heidelberg
  • Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
  • University of New South Wales
  • Monash University
  • University of Adelaide
  • Universiteit van Amsterdam
  • Academia Sinica
  • Ain Shams University
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Cairo University
  • Universidad ICESI
  • Seoul National University
  • Erasmus Medisch Centrum
  • Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
  • Lunds Universitet
  • Università degli Studi di Padova
  • Universitat de València
  • Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
  • Istituto Superiore di Sanità
  • Jordan University of Science and Technology
  • KU Leuven
  • Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi
  • Karolinska Institutet
  • Mahidol University
  • Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny
  • Universiteit Gent
  • Universiti Malaya
  • University of Crete
  • Università degli Studi di Firenze
  • Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
  • Cape Peninsula University of Technology
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Ministère de la Santé
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
  • Università degli Studi di Palermo
  • Jyväskylän Yliopisto
  • Universitetet i Oslo
  • Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
  • Latvijas Universitate
  • Turun Yliopisto
  • Universidade de São Paulo
  • Universität Bielefeld
  • Göteborgs Universitet
  • Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi
  • Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
  • Syddansk Universitet
  • Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève
  • Université de Lausanne
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
  • Uniwersytet Warszawski
  • National Taiwan University
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
  • Università degli Studi di Torino
  • Universidade do Porto
  • Universidad de Zaragoza
  • Università degli Studi di Brescia
  • Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
  • University of the Philippines
  • Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein
  • Madras Diabetes Research Foundation
  • Peking University
  • Jikei University School of Medicine
  • Universität Ulm
  • Universidad Industrial de Santander
  • Harokopio University
  • African Population and Health Research Center
  • Pécsi Tudományegyetem
  • Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
  • Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
  • Tays
  • Monash University Malaysia
  • University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
  • Norges Idrettshøgskole
  • Alborz University of Medical Sciences
  • Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición
  • Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
  • Junta de Castilla y León
  • Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos
  • Instituto Nacional De Salud Pública
  • Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
  • Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Lille
  • World Heart Federation
  • Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų Universitetas
  • Universidad de Cuenca
  • Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria
  • Robert Koch Institut
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
  • Pan American Health Organization
  • Medical Research Council (MR/K006584/1, MR/M007405/1, MC_UU_12011/3, MC_UU_12011/2, MC_UU_12011/1)
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15H05123, 15K08762, 15K12783)
  • Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Wageningen University and Research
  • Sahlgrenska Akademin
  • Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
  • Helmholtz Zentrum München
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Keywords
diabetes prevalence, age-standardized prevalence, population aging, population growth, sex differences in diabetes, global burden of disease, non-communicable diseases, diabetes epidemiology, Pacific Islands, Oceania, Europe, Asia, Latin America, Africa, Middle East and North Africa, diabetes mortality
MeSH terms
Adult, Bayes Theorem, Blood Glucose, Developing Countries, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Global Health, Incidence, Prevalence, Cost of Illness, Age of Onset, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Research Report

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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