CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 364Occupational Health and Safety in WorkplacesMigration, Identity, and HealthOccupational Health and Global Justice

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Hargreaves, Sally, Rustage, Kieran, Nellums, Laura B, McAlpine, Alys, Pocock, Nicola, Devakumar, Delan, Aldridge, Robert W, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Kristensen, Kristina L, Himmels, Jan W, Friedland, Jon S, Zimmerman, Cathy·2019·The Lancet Global Health
DOI 10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30204-9PMC PMC6565984
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background Globally, there are more than 150 million international migrant workers-individuals who are employed outside of their country of origin-comprising the largest international migrant group.A substantial number of migrants work in hazardous and exploitative environments, where they might be at considerable risk of injury and ill health.However, little data on occupational health outcomes of migrant workers exist, with which to inform global policy making and delivery of health services.Methods For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid Global Health, and PsychINFO databases for primary research published between Jan 1, 2008, and Jan 24, 2018, reporting occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers (defined as individuals who are or have been employed outside their country of origin), without language or geographical restrictions.We excluded studies containing mixed cohorts of migrants and native workers in which migrant data could not be disaggregated, and studies that did not explicitly report migrant status.The main outcome was prevalence of occupational health outcomes (defined as any injury, mortality, or physical or psychiatric morbidity due to an individual's work or workplace environment) among international migrant workers.Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models.The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018099465.Findings Of the 1218 studies identified by our search, 36 studies were included in our systematic review, and 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis.The systematic review included occupational health outcomes for 12 168 international migrant workers employed in 13 countries and territories, mostly employed in unskilled manual labour.Migrant workers originated from 25 low-income and middle-income countries, and worked in the following sectors: agriculture; domestic, retail, and service sectors; construction and trade; and manufacturing and processing.Migrant workers had various psychiatric and physical morbidities, and workplace accidents and injuries were relatively common.In the meta-analysis, among 7260 international migrant workers, the pooled prevalence of having at least one occupational morbidity was 47% (95% CI 29-64; I²=99•70%).Among 3890 migrant workers, the prevalence of having at least one injury or accident, including falls from heights, fractures and dislocations, ocular injuries, and cuts was 22% (7-37; I²=99•35%).Interpretation International migrant workers are at considerable risk of work-related ill health and injury, and their health needs are critically overlooked in research and policy.Governments, policy makers, and businesses must enforce and improve occupational health and safety measures, which should be accompanied by accessible, affordable, and appropriate health care and insurance coverage to meet the care needs of this important working population.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30204-9

Cites

60 of 60 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Study selection
Figure 1 Study selectionCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Forest plot of prevalence of having at least one reported occupational health outcome among international migrant workers
Figure 2 Forest plot of prevalence of having at least one reported occupational health outcome among international migrant workersCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Forest plot of prevalence of having at least one occupational accident or injury among international migrant workers
Figure 3 Forest plot of prevalence of having at least one occupational accident or injury among international migrant workersCC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 64 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Arici, 2016, Is it true that migrant workers suffer from occupational health inequalities due to work-related psychosocial risk factors? Practical evidence from a field study in italian enterprises, Occup Environ Med, 73, A3
  2. Santos, 2015, Musculoskeletal pain among migrant workers in the Malaysian manufacturing industry: the impact of the physical environment, workload and work patterns, Pertanika J Soc Sci Hum, 23, 315

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 301–364 of 364

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Hargreaves, S., Rustage, K., Nellums, L. B., McAlpine, A., Pocock, N., Devakumar, D., Aldridge, R. W., Abubakar, I., Kristensen, K. L., Himmels, J. W., Friedland, J. S., & Zimmerman, C.
Affiliations
  • St George's, University of London (GB)
  • London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
  • University College London (GB)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
Hargreaves, Sally
ORCID
Venue
The Lancet Global Health
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-07
Volume
7
Issue
7
Pages
e872-e882
ISSN
2214-109X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30204-9
PMC
PMC6565984
OpenAlex
W2945394191
Cited by
364
References
64
Citations by year
2026: 44 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 8
FWCI
10.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Lancet Global Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London) (acceptedVersion)
  • LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
  • UNU Collections (United Nations University) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • Rosetrees Trust
  • Wellcome Trust (209993/Z/17/Z)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Identity, and Health
  • Social Sciences › Health › Occupational Health and Global Justice
Keywords
international migrant workers, occupational health, occupational injuries, occupational morbidity, occupational mortality, occupational safety, migrant health, occupational safety policy, health insurance coverage
MeSH terms
Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Transients and Migrants, Databases, Factual, Occupational Health

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review