The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study
Abstract
Background In China, depressive disorders have been estimated to be the second leading cause of years lived with disability. However, nationally representative epidemiological data for depressive disorders, in particular use of mental health services by adults with these disorders, are unavailable in China. The present study, part of the China Mental Health Survey, 2012-15, aims to describe the socioeconomic characteristics and the use of mental health services in people with depressive disorders in China.Methods The China Mental Health Survey was a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of mental disorders in a multistage clustered-area probability sample of adults of Chinese nationality (≥18 years) from 157 nationwide representative population-based disease surveillance points in 31 provinces across China. Trained investigators interviewed the participants with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 to ascertain the presence of lifetime and 12-month depressive disorders according to DSM-IV criteria, including major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Participants with 12-month depressive disorders were asked whether they received any treatment for their emotional problems during the past 12 months and, if so, the specific types of treatment providers. The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was used to assess impairments associated with 12-month depressive symptoms. Data-quality control procedures included logic check by computers, sequential recording check, and phone-call check by the quality controllers, and reinterview check by the psychiatrists. Data were weighted according to the age-sex-residence distribution data from China's 2010 census population survey to adjust for differential probabilities of selection and differential response, as well as to post-stratify the sample to match the population distribution.Findings 28 140 respondents (12 537 [44·6%] men and 15 603 [55·4%] women) completed the survey between July 22, 2013, and March 5, 2015. Ethnicity data (Han or non-Han) were collected for only a subsample. Prevalence of any depressive disorders was higher in women than men (lifetime prevalence odds ratio [OR] 1·44 [95% CI 1·20-1·72] and 12-month prevalence OR 1·41 [1·12-1·78]), in unemployed people than employed people (lifetime OR 2·38 [95% CI 1·68-3·38] and 12-month OR 2·80 [95% CI 1·88-4·18]), and in people who were separated, widowed, or divorced compared with those who were married or cohabiting (lifetime OR 1·87 [95% CI 1·39-2·51] and 12-month OR 1·85 [95% CI 1·40-2·46]). Overall, 574 (weighted % 75·9%) of 744 people with 12-month depressive disorders had role impairment of any SDS domain: 439 (83·6%) of 534 respondents with major depressive disorder, 207 (79·8%) of 254 respondents with dysthymic disorder, and 122 (59·9%) of 189 respondents with depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Only an estimated 84 (weighted % 9·5%) of 1007 participants with 12-month depressive disorders were treated in any treatment sector: 38 (3·6%) in speciality mental health, 20 (1·5%) in general medical, two (0·3%) in human services, and 21 (2·7%) in complementary and alternative medicine. Only 12 (0·5%) of 1007 participants with depressive disorders were treated adequately.Interpretation Depressive disorders in China were more prevalent in women than men, unemployed people than employed, and those who were separated, widowed, or divorced than people who were married or cohabiting. Most people with depressive disorders reported social impairment. Treatment rates were very low, and few people received adequate treatment. National programmes are needed to remove barriers to availability, accessibility, and acceptability of care for depression in China.Funding National Health Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology of People's Republic of China.Translation For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, mental health services are few and still underutilized globally [4-6].”
From Conversational Agent Interventions for Mental Health Problems: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
Cites
Vos, T., Lim, S. S., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi, M., Abbasifard, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30925-9 · Cited by 19,358
Self-citationKessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study
Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Yu, X., Yan, J., Yu, Y., Kou, C., Xu, X., Lu, J., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30511-x · Cited by 2,335
Self-citationRapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Yang, G., Wang, Y., Zeng, Y., Gao, G. F., Liang, X., Zhou, M., Wan, X., Yu, S., Jiang, Y., Naghavi, M., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61097-1 · Cited by 1,984
Wang, P. S., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Bruffaerts, R., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Gureje, O., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61414-7 · Cited by 1,655
Undertreatment of people with major depressive disorder in 21 countries
Thornicroft, G., Chatterji, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Gruber, M., Sampson, N., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Andrade, L., Borges, G., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.188078 · Cited by 1,121
Self-citationAndrade, L., Caraveo‐anduaga, J. J., Berglund, P., Bijl, R. V., Graaf, R. D., Vollebergh, W., Dragomirecka, E., Kohn, R., Keller, M., Kessler, R. C., et al. (2003) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.138 · Cited by 1,068
Phillips, M. R., Zhang, J., Shi, Q., Song, Z., Ding, Z., Pang, S., Li, X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60660-7 · Cited by 1,063
Self-citationMeng, Q., Fang, H., Liu, X., Yuan, B., & Xu, J. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00342-6 · Cited by 555
Kessler, R. C., Abelson, J., Demler, O., Escobar, J. I., Gibbon, M., Guyer, M. E., Howes, M. J., Jin, R., Vega, W. A., Walters, E. E., et al. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.169 · Cited by 489
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 1986, A national 12-region psychiatric epidemiological study – methodology and results, Chin J Neurol Psychiatry, 19, 65
- Zhang, 1998, Epidemiological investigation on mental disorders in 7 areas of China, Chin J Psychiatry, 31, 69
- Wang, 2013, Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 in mental disability assessment, Chin Ment Health J, 27, 121
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 842
Shin, D., Lee, J., Kim, Y., Park, J., Shin, D., Song, Y., Joo, E.-J., Roh, S., Lee, K. Y., Oh, S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00580 · Cited by 4
Zhang, J.-J., Wang, J., Wang, X., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001293 · Cited by 5
Dai, Z., Wu, Y., Liu, X., Fu, J., Si, M., Chen, X., Wang, H., Xiao, W., Huang, Y., Yu, F., et al. (2024) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.3472 · Cited by 4
Self-citationTan, Y., Lattie, E. G., Xiang, H., Tang, H., Teng, Z., Qiu, Y., Chen, J., & Wu, H. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241262301 · Cited by 4
Mo, X., Wang, C., Pu, Q., Zhang, Z. D., & Wu, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1424958 · Cited by 4
Li, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1480295 · Cited by 4
Xiong, Y., Huang, R.-Y., Chang, Z., Guo, A. N., & Wu, W. (2024) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-024-09586-9 · Cited by 4
Liu, Y., Zhou, G., Huang, Y., & Sun, Y. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3515 · Cited by 6
Self-citationYang, W., Chen, L., Tong, L., He, W., & Lin, H. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320139 · Cited by 4
“In China, about 33.1% of adults aged 60 and above show depression symptoms, with a prevalence of major depressive disorder reaching 5.3% [4].”
InfluentialAssociations between pulmonary function and depression: evidence from the CHARLS cohort 2015–2018
Yang, H., Cao, J., Huang, L., Xie, Z., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., & Wen, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1551356 · Cited by 4
“In China, where the old people population is projected to reach 400 million by 2050 (5–7), depression affects over 95 million individuals nationwide, making it a major mental health concern (8).”
Association between reading and depression in Chinese adults
Pan, D., Hai, Z., Yang, X. C., He, S., Li, X., & Li, J. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032486 · Cited by 4
“6%, and compared with most high-income countries, the proportion of people with depression receiving mental health services is low.[8] Mental health problem is a staged process, a study revealed that middle-aged and elderly individuals are susceptible to various mental health conditions.”
BackgroundA Study of Mental Health Self-Monitoring Based on the Combination of BERT and Low-Code Platform
Chen, T., Song, L., Zhou, H., Li, Y., Wang, H., & Kong, C. (2023) · World Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (WCCCT) · doi:10.1109/wccct56755.2023.10052392 · Cited by 4
“[1] Among patients with all subtypes of depressive disorders, the highest percentage of patients with depression seeking psychiatric specialties was also only 4.”
BackgroundJi, C., Wu, G.-H., Du, X., Wang, G., Liu, L., Niu, M., Logan, R. A., & Kong, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1144989 · Cited by 4
“Tragically, MDD has a low rate of clinical recognition, medical consultation, and effective treatment (6, 7).”
BackgroundWan, B., Wu, Y., Ma, N., Zhou, Z., & Lu, W. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0288034 · Cited by 6
“Although the psychological and pharmacologic treatments of MDD have made much progress, the cure rate remains relatively low, and the recrudescence remains high [6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationYang, Q., Wang, Q., Peng, P., Liu, T., & Zhang, X. (2024) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2024.53 · Cited by 4
Zhou, M., Tan, Y., Wang, J., Song, Y., Li, Q., Wang, Y., Quan, W., Tian, J., Yin, L., Dong, W., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.142 · Cited by 4
He, Y., Yang, L., Zhu, X., Wu, B., Zhang, S., Qian, C., & Tian, T. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.40719 · Cited by 3
Self-citationLiang, X., Guo, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Li, D., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhou, L., & Qiu, S. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100526 · Cited by 4
“The World Health Organization estimated that approximately 280 million people worldwide suffer from depression (WHO, 2024), with nearly 1/3 of cases occurring in China (Lu et al., 2021).”
Self-citationGe, D., Xia, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088944 · Cited by 4
Qiu, L., & Li, J. (2025) · The Journal of Chinese Sociology · doi:10.1186/s40711-025-00229-z · Cited by 3
“Similar phenomena exist in the mental health disparities between ethnic groups (Assari 2017; Lu et al. 2021).”
Wu, Y., Lu, M., Liu, X., Sun, Y., Zhou, Z., & Zhou, H. (2025) · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY · doi:10.31083/ap38763 · Cited by 5
“Epidemiological studies consistently report a higher prevalence of MDD among women [5].”
Self-citationWu, J., Deng, Y., Tong, K., & Sun, Z. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06680-z · Cited by 3
“Recent data indicate that only 9.5% of individuals with depression in China received treatment, with even fewer dysthymia patients accessing adequate care [23].”
InfluentialHou, S., Xu, F., Zong, G., Zheng, Y., Shi, L., & Zhai, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1515435 · Cited by 3
Guo, W., He, Y., Song, X., Heng, D., Zhang, X., Ke, Y., Liu, S., & Ming, D. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2025.3565099 · Cited by 3
“The lifetime prevalence of depression in adults was 6.8% in China [4].”
InfluentialSelf-citationTian, X., Xia, X., Li, H., Hu, Y., Xie, Y., Hu, X., Yue, J., Dong, B., Wu, B., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1506640 · Cited by 3
Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Wang, J., & Zhou, Z. (2025) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i7.107721 · Cited by 3
Zhang, A., Qin, Y., Wang, H., Lyu, N., Zhao, Q., Zhang, L., & Huang, J. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07183-7 · Cited by 4
“[1], is a leading contributor to the global disease burden, accounting for 49.4 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2020 [2].”
InfluentialYu, Y., Feng, Y., Han, Y., Yang, J., Wen, X., Fan, X., & Fan, J. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07229-w · Cited by 4
“Furthermore, recent research showed that only about 9.5% of patients with depression have received mental health services in China [41], while the proportion in the United States is about 65% [44, 45].”
InfluentialSelf-citationReavley, N. J., Morgan, A. J., Jorm, A. F., Kitchener, B. A., Wang, Y., Lu, S., Li, W., Kelly, C. M., Oldenburg, B. F., Zhao, M., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101698 · Cited by 3
“8 In cases of severe mental illness, particularly when individuals are cognitively impaired or pose a risk to themselves or others, family members are often responsible for making treatment decisions, rather than the affected individual.”
Self-citationZhou, W., Zuo, Z., Ji, X., Liu, Q., Xiao, F., Fang, S., Guo, P., Luo, Q., & Wang, X. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07412-z · Cited by 3
“Since 2010, major depressive disorder (MDD) has been the second leading contributor to years lived with disability in China [1] and a significant cause of disability worldwide [2].”
Wu, Y., Wills, T., O’Donovan, Á., Kilty, C., Liu, J., Huang, J., Wang, Q., & Cornally, N. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0337835 · Cited by 3
“However, national data reveal extremely low treatment coverage for depressive disorders [15], suggesting that this relationship may operate largely through indirect mechanisms.”
Self-citationLi, J., Zheng, M., Yang, J., Zhan, Y., & Xie, X. (2026) · Journal of Imaging · doi:10.3390/jimaging12010029 · Cited by 3
“However, the diagnosis rate for depression in China is only 9.5%, meaning the vast majority of patients do not receive timely diagnosis and treatment, posing a significant challenge to mental health care [8–11].”
InfluentialYang, H., Zhang, J., Yang, M., Luan, L.-S., Liu, J.-J., & Zhang, X.-B. (2026) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i2.112996 · Cited by 3
Work–family conflict and depression among Chinese working women
Liu, Y., & Xu, W. (2026) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.70086 · Cited by 4
Wang, Y., Tao, L., Gram, L., Chen, H., Jing, W., Jin, C., & Liu, J. (2026) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-026-04846-4 · Cited by 3
“Given that most older adults with depression are underdiagnosed and undertreated [10], improving mental health in later life remains a major public health challenge.”
Self-citationMetabolic Reprogramming of Microglia in Neuroinflammation and Depression
Wu, Q., Tian, J., Gu, Y., Bi, X., & Zhang, H. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27093984 · Cited by 3
“In China, the lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders is 6.8%, with a majority of affected individuals experiencing severe psychosocial impairment [2].”
InfluentialYao, L., Zhang, N., Ma, S., Xie, X., Xu, S., Xiang, D., Kang, L., Chen, M., Wang, P., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111079 · Cited by 3
Self-citationXiang, D., Xia, X., & Liang, D. (2023) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-023-02179-2 · Cited by 3
“However, given only 0.5% of patients with depression in the general population receive adequate treatment [8], the proportion of patients who have received adequate treatment for peri-natal depression is likely to be low.”
BackgroundInfluentialLiang, Y., You, Z., Chen, X., Liu, G., Li, W., Wang, C., Lan, X., Luo, Z., Mai, S., Zhang, F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.084 · Cited by 3
Lin, Y., & Fu, H. (2024) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101007 · Cited by 3
Sex differences in fetal brain functional network topology
Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Jia, F., Zhang, H., Luo, L., Liao, Y., Ouyang, M., Yi, X., Zhu, R., Bai, W., et al. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae111 · Cited by 3
Self-citationXie, Y., Zheng, X., Li, Y., He, J., Wang, P., & Han, X. (2024) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-024-05666-7 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, females, patients with drinking habits, and high educational levels had a higher risk, which is consistent with data obtained in national-scale surveys [29].”
Metabolic syndrome patterns by gender in major depressive disorder
Lü, L., Xiong, L., Liu, Z., & Zhang, L. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313629 · Cited by 4
The mental health of Chinese military personnel: a cross-sectional epidemiological study
Jing, K., Feng, Z., Xu, J., He, Y., Tang, Q., Zhang, Q., Wang, N., Xiao, Y., Gao, B., Xue, B., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20969-w · Cited by 3
Self-citationYu, W., Ying, Y., Wang, L., Yang, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Zhu, Z., Zhang, H., & Pan, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1474339 · Cited by 4
“ICBT can be cost-effective and easily accessible, thus increasing the reach of mental health services to larger populations, including those in remote or underserved areas (18).”
Self-citationZhang, L., Niu, S., Mu, F., Zheng, Y., Wu, W., Tian, H., Xu, X., Liu, X., Wang, L., Liu, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119473 · Cited by 3
Self-citationIocca, F., Giangrasso, B., Fioravanti, G., Pugi, D., Angelo, N. L., Baldo, D., Failli, A., Vignoli, V., Fort, A., Millozzi, G., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02608-0 · Cited by 4
Antidepressants utilization in Mainland China: Based on the National Health Insurance Database
Zhang, X., Hu, X., Cai, Y., Lu, C. Y., Nie, X., & Shi, L. (2022) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674221144421 · Cited by 3
“Recent epidemiological survey reported that the 12-month prevalence of depressive disorders was 3.5% in the general population of China (Lu et al., 2021).”
BackgroundInfluentialCui, Z., Jiang, C. Q., Hu, C., Tian, Y., Ling, Z., Wang, J., Fan, T., Hao, H., Wang, Z., & Li, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1113545 · Cited by 3
Self-citationSun, Z., Li, Q., Liu, Y., Feng, L., Zhao, Y., Yang, K., Ping, P., & Fu, S. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.044 · Cited by 3
Wu, T., Dong, S., Yang, L., Qiu, H. X., Qiu, H. X., Mellor, D. J., Chen, J., & Xu, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1089504 · Cited by 3
Self-citationWu, Z., Gan, Y., Li, N., Lan, X., Wang, C., Zhang, F., Liu, H., Li, W., Ye, Y., Hu, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.122 · Cited by 3
Hu, F., Jing, Y., Qin, W., Han, W., Xu, L., & Li, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5991 · Cited by 3
“Depressive symptoms are considered as one of the most common mental health problems worldwide.(1) The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were found to be particularly high among older adults.”
BackgroundXi, G., Li, J., Zhang, X., Jiang, W., Liao, J., & Yang, L. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2023.2278102 · Cited by 3
“In China, the lifetime prevalence of depression is 6.8% (Lu et al., 2021).”
InfluentialWei, Y., & Song, H. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17085-6 · Cited by 3
“Mental and psychological disorders have the highest of disease in China, accounting for about 20% and increasing over time [30].”
BackgroundYan, X., Lin, S., Li, J., Wei, Y., & Pei, L. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01220-w · Cited by 3
“The first nationally representative survey, the China Mental Health Survey, was conducted in 2013–2015, which indicated that the prevalence of depressive disorders was 3.0% among males and 4.2% among females, respectively (Lu et al., 2021).”
InfluentialLiao, J., Qiu, W., Huang, D., Cen, A., & Chen, Y. (2024) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2024.2358748 · Cited by 3
“The prevalence is more rampant in China, with around 7% of adults affected [2].”
BackgroundWu, Y., Yu, X., Zhu, Y., Shi, C., Li, X., Jiang, R., Niu, S., Gao, P., Li, S., Yan, L. L., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101126 · Cited by 3
Self-citationUltra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging in theranostics of mental disorders
Yin, Y., & Gong, Q. (2024) · iRadiology · doi:10.1002/ird3.97 · Cited by 3
“In China, the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders is 16.6% and has been reported to exhibit a trend toward increasing over time [2].”
InfluentialContagion of depression: a double-edged sword
Huang, C.-W., Hu, T., Zheng, H., Wu, Y., Li, J.-M., Wang, Y.-M., Su, W., Wang, W., Liu, Y., & Jiang, C. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03124-2 · Cited by 3
Self-citationDu, D., Yuan, Y., Guan, X., Xie, Q., & Dong, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1445257 · Cited by 3
Yang, Q., Pan, X., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Tang, T., Guo, W., & Sun, N. (2024) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbae175 · Cited by 3
Self-citationLi, J., Beh, W. F., Wang, I. T., & Wu, Y. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000041224 · Cited by 3
Self-citationMin, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, G., Gao, W., Kang, Y., Yu, K., & Yue, J. (2025) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-025-06825-8 · Cited by 3
Self-citationUrbanization and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in ChinaPreprint
Hong, C., & Luo, Y. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1551132/v1 · Cited by 3
Yang, B., Liao, C., Yang, Y., Shi, B., Zhang, C., & Li, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1479207 · Cited by 2
“In China, only 9.5% of individuals experiencing depression have received mental health services, and the proportion of those considered to have received adequate treatment (antidepressants and outpatient psychotherapy from mental health institutions) for depression is as low as 0.5% (8).”
InfluentialValidity and reliability of a Chinese version of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale
Liu, Y., Tian, H., Chen, X., Jia, F., Li, R., Sun, Y. Y., Chen, L., Zhu, J., Jiang, D., & Zhuo, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1029846 · Cited by 2
“The prevalence of depression and anxiety in this convenience sample was greater than in the general population (Hook et al., 2012; Lu et al., 2021).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMa, T., Li, Y., Jiang, M., Ren, X., Han, L., & Zheng, X. (2024) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.13185 · Cited by 2
“8 In addition, the lifetime prevalence of depression among individuals aged 65 and older is 7.3%, 7 placing signi fi cant strain on medical and nursing services.”
InfluentialZu, S., Wang, D., Fang, J., Xiao, L., Zhu, X., Wu, W., Lin, X., Wang, G., & Hu, Y. (2024) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70024 · Cited by 3
“…to those without higher education,resultinginanincreasedutilizationofbenzodiazepines et al., 2021; Rezaei et al., 2022; Saragih et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2021) and the “U” shaped correlation between happiness and age suggests thatyoungindividualstendtoexperienceheighteneddepressionwhen…”
BackgroundInfluentialHu, A., Liu, D. Y., Xie, H., Wu, X., Liu, K., Zhang, X., Li, L., Xing, Z., & Hu, F. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74510-5 · Cited by 2
“The weighted-adjusted calculation in the China Mental Health Survey showed that the weighted lifetime prevalence of adult depressive disorders in China was 6.8% ( 95% CI :5.8–7.8), of which the weighted major depressive disorder was 3.4% ( 95% CI :2.9–3.9) 10 .”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationXie, W., Wang, F., Qian, Y., Qiu, L., Zhou, Q., Shen, Y., & Wu, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1434966 · Cited by 2
“Research has shown that women are more vulnerable to external environmental stressors than men, leading to emotional fl uctuations and mental health issues (21), such as anxiety and depression (22).”
Chen, X., Feng, Z., Li, N., Xiao, L., Xu, C., & Zhu, X. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06418-3 · Cited by 2
Liu, X.-Y., Pan, M., Gao, X., Fu, Z., Liu, L., Li, H., Wang, Y., & Qian, Q. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091352 · Cited by 2
“Therefore, the total sample size is determined at 48.”
Machine learning-based predictive modeling of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents
Ding, L., Wu, Z., Wu, Q., & Li, E. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119399 · Cited by 4
Li, S. M., Xiao, M., Ma, C.-B., & Yan, X. (2025) · 世界针灸杂志：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.wjam.2025.06.004 · Cited by 2
Self-citationPotential marker of brain impairment secondary to obstructive sleep apnea: The brain asymmetry
Liao, J., Shi, Y., Zhu, X. Y., Li, Y., & Han, D. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106701 · Cited by 2
Bai, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., & Tolba, A. K. R. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1468334 · Cited by 3
“According to reports, 6.8% of adults in China experience depressive disorders over their lifetime, and 3.4% suffer from depression (4).”
InfluentialSelf-citationYao, K., Zhong, J., Huang, X., Kuang, J., & Xu, M. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.09.003 · Cited by 2
Xu, Y., Zhang, S., Liu, Y., & Zhou, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1638290 · Cited by 2
“In China, approximately 17% of adults experience depressive symptoms during their lifetime, posing significant challenges to public health systems (3).”
Self-citationHe, X., & Gao, X. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000044663 · Cited by 2
“[3] Regional variations exist: a Shanghai hospital survey (n = 2000) reported higher rates linked to lack of support and burdens, [4] while a Hebei study (n = 14,654) found associations with age 45 to 59, female sex, marriage, higher education, employment, medical conditions, and family history.”
Guo, Q., Yong, W., Guo, L., He, X., Pu, C., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Chen, B.-Y., Shi, C., & Shang, S. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104706 · Cited by 2
Dynamic nomogram for predicting depression risk in middle-aged and older adults based on CHARLS
Tan, Y., Zhang, W., Liu, Z.-H., Liang, C., Liang, S.-Z., Dai, W.-B., & Lv, X. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19324-9 · Cited by 2
Novel screening tool for psychiatric samples with major depressive disorder: a two-centre study
Liu, N., Hou, G., Li, X., Zhao, B., Cao, Z., Li, G., Ding, S., Shi, J. Q., Bai, Z., Xu, X., et al. (2025) · BMJ Mental Health · doi:10.1136/bmjment-2025-302021 · Cited by 2
Self-citationChen, W., Sheng, Y., Wang, W., & Wang, X. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120654 · Cited by 2
Pozuelo, J. R., Vigo, D., Kazdin, A. E., Harris, M., Stein, D. J., Viana, M. C., Hwang, I. H., Kessler, T. L., Manoukian, S. M., Sampson, N. A., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-025-00686-6 · Cited by 2
“This definition of MAT builds upon earlier work [34–37] and has since been widely adopted in subsequent research [16, 23–26, 28, 38, 39], although there has been inconsistency in definitions across some studies [27, 40–43].”
Lai, X., Liu, J., Zhao, Y., Wu, X., Wu, L., He, K., Chu, H., Yan, Y., Liao, Y., Li, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120964 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLi, S.-Y., & Rao, P. (2026) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i2.110880 · Cited by 2
Self-citationEfficacy of iTBS in adolescent depression: effects on anhedonia and exploratory moderation analyses
Qin, Q., Li, J., Guo, Y., & He, K. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121398 · Cited by 2
Li, Y., Wang, G., Huang, Z., Ke, X., Qin, J., Yu, J., Liu, S., Li, J., & Xu, Y. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-07896-3 · Cited by 3
“In addition, only a small proportion of diagnosed patients receive adequate treatment [3].”
Self-citationLin, C., Mi, Y.-W., Zheng, H.-W., Hou, Y.-B., Hu, J.-Q., Mao, J.-X., Dai, N., Fu, C.-L., Li, X., & Ji, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1752933 · Cited by 2
Sun, J., Gao, D., Zhang, J., Liu, H., Zhou, Y., Ma, C., Zhang, X., Liu, S., Zhao, J., Hao, C., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1788611 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLai, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Dai, L., Ye, K., Lv, X., Wang, F., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102711 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLiu, R., li, D., Ye, F., Feng, Y., Yang, Z., & Zhou, J. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121857 · Cited by 2
Zang, W., Liu, N., Wu, J., Zhang, Q., & Junxiu, W. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121987 · Cited by 2
Association study of selenium-related gene polymorphisms with geriatric depression in China
Liu, Y., Wang, L., Wang, Z., & He, S. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000033594 · Cited by 2
“[3,4] The results of the China Mental Health Survey showed that the prevalence of depression was significantly higher in respondents aged 50 years and older than in those aged 18 to 34 years.[5] With a tendency toward population aging, the number of older people aged 65 and above in China is over 190 million, and by 2…”
BackgroundSelf-citationEffects of Dietary Flavonoids on the Metabolism of Vortioxetine and its Potential Mechanism
Lin, Y., Wang, Y., Ye, Z., Gao, N., Xu, X., Weng, Q., Xu, R.-A., & Ye, L. (2023) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867330666230607104411 · Cited by 2
Self-citationXi, N., Wei, C., Qiangqiang, C. H. U., Sasa, F. U., Dai, T., Lunfang, X. I. E., & Pan, A. (2023) · Panminerva Medica · doi:10.23736/s0031-0808.23.04963-7 · Cited by 2
Wang, T., Li, Q., Zhang, S., Liu, H., Jian, W., & Guo, J. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.041 · Cited by 2
Xia, X., Tang, J., Peng, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Yuan, M., Yu, R., Hou, X., & Fu, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1358770 · Cited by 2
“In China, MDD is the second most common cause of disability (2).”
BackgroundChen, Y., Wang, T., Tan, Y., & Li, D. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241249869 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Lu, J., Xu, X., Huang, Y., Li, T., Ma, C., Xu, G., Yin, H., Xu, X., Ma, Y., Wang, L., Huang, Z., Yan, Y., Wang, B., Xiao, S., Zhou, L., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, T., Yan, J., Ding, H., Yu, Y., Kou, C., Shen, Z., Jiang, L., Wang, Z., Sun, X., Xu, Y., He, Y., Guo, W., Jiang, L., Li, S., Pan, W., Wu, Y., Li, G., Jia, F., Shi, J., Shen, Z., & Zhang, N.
- Affiliations
- Urumqi 4th People's Hospital (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Tianjin Anding Hospital (CN)
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
- Air Force Medical University (CN)
- Central South University (CN)
- Jilin University (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (CN)
- Ningxia Medical University (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Qinghai No.3 People's Hospital (CN)
- Soochow University (CN)
- Nanjing Medical University (CN)
- Hangzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital (CN)
- Nanjing Brain Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Yueqin
- ORCID
- Xu, Xiufeng
- Huang, Yueqin
- Li, Tao
- Ma, Chao
- Xu, Guangming
- Yin, Huifang
- Ma, Yanjuan
- Wang, Limin
- Wang, Bo
- Xiao, Shuiyuan
- Zhou, Liang
- Li, Lingjiang
- Zhang, Yan
- Chen, Hongguang
- Zhang, TingTing
- Yan, Jie
- Ding, Hua
- Yu, Yaqin
- Kou, Changgui
- Shen, Zonglin
- Wang, Zhizhong
- Sun, Xian
- Xu, Yifeng
- He, Yanling
- Guo, Wanjun
- Jiang, Lijun
- Li, Shengyan
- Pan, Wen
- Wu, Yue
- Li, Guohua
- Shi, Jianfei
- Shen, Zhongxia
- Zhang, Ning
- Venue
- The Lancet Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 981-990
- ISSN
- 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3201200719
- Cited by
- 844
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 150 · 2025: 228 · 2024: 211 · 2023: 166 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 114.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0907800, 2017YFC0907801)
- Center for Mental Health Services
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2012BAI01B01, 2015BAI13B00)
- Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China (201202022)
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Peking University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
- Keywords
- depressive disorders, prevalence, mental health service utilization, treatment seeking, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, depressive symptoms, socioeconomic factors, unemployment, disability, China, gender differences, lifetime prevalence, 12-month prevalence, treatment providers, Han Chinese, ethnic minorities, mental health policy, mental health service planning, mental health professionals
- MeSH terms
- Global Burden of Disease, Adult, Aged, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Dysthymic Disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
