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Old Iranian Names

Open access
Tavernier, Jan·2023·Personal Names in Cuneiform Texts from Babylonia (c. 750–100 BCE)
DOI 10.1017/9781009291071.017
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Abstract

This chapter discusses the various Old Iranian names attested in Late Babylonian sources. These names occur from the Neo-Assyrian period onwards, but as can be expected, most of them occur in texts dated to the Achaemenid period (c. 539–331 BCE). After a short introduction, the chapter briefly presents the types of textual sources where the names are attested, a typology of Old Iranian names (including four hybrid names and demonstrating that especially hypocoristic names occur), elements in names (with a list of the most frequent ones), and spelling and normalisation conventions, including a discussion of some errors. Here the reader will discover that the Babylonian scribes were extremely accurate in their rendering of Old Iranian names, despite the large difference between Babylonian and Old Iranian. The chapter ends with a discussion of some socio-onomastic aspects of Old Iranian names in Late Babylonian sources. Transposition tables are offered as annex to the chapter.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This chapter surveys Old Iranian personal names in Babylonian cuneiform texts from the Neo-Babylonian, Achaemenid, and post-Achaemenid periods, using Tavernier’s categorization and transposition tables. It finds that most such names occur in Achaemenid-period texts and analyzes their typology, elements, spelling, and socio-onomastic distribution.

Key findings

  • Chronological distribution: pre-Achaemenid Babylonian texts attest 15 Old Iranian names (2 Median, 2 Teispid); Achaemenid texts have 393 complete Old Iranian names and 4 hybrid names; post-Achaemenid texts have 61 names, of which 23 date to the Alexandrine/Seleucid period and 38 to the Arsacid period.
  • Typology counts: 58 single-stem full names, 168 two-stem full names, 26 prefixed names, 6 three-element names, 19 patronymic names, and 116 hypocoristic names (a later section heading gives 38 prefixed names).
  • Frequent elements include *Baga- “God” in 30 names, *Rta- “Truth” in one fewer than Baga, Mithra in 16 names, Aspa- “horse” in 16 names, Farnah- “divine glory” in 15 names, and Dāta- “given” in 14 names.
  • Babylonian scribes generally rendered Iranian consonants accurately; errors mainly involve voiced/voiceless distinctions, especially dentals, with Iranian voiceless consonants rendered by Babylonian voiced equivalents in 12 of 18 examples.

Methods

  • Corpus-based survey of Old Iranian names in Babylonian sources, including Babylonian versions of Achaemenid royal inscriptions and documentary texts such as the Murašû archive.
  • Uses Tavernier’s categorization of directly attested, semi-directly attested, and indirectly attested names (“Nebenüberlieferung”), with reconstructed names marked by an asterisk and names rendered in Old Iranian shape.
  • Presents typology, theophoric/toponymic/frequent elements, spelling and normalisation transposition tables, and socio-onomastic analysis of name-bearers.

Limitations

  • The paper states that the chronological distribution numbers will certainly be modified in the future as new texts reveal more Iranian names.
  • It notes that there are no extant Median texts, so it remains impossible to know which writing system Median would have used.
  • It states uncertainty about the language behind Sumerograms in hybrid names: probably Babylonian, but an Iranian lexeme cannot be excluded.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/9781009291071.017

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 16 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    The corpus contains 116 hypocoristic Iranian names.

    “The Iranian names are either single-stem full names (58 names), two-stem full names (168 names), prefixed names (26 names), full names composed of three elements (6 names), patronymic names (19 names), or hypocoristic names (shortened names; 116 names).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Single-stem full names include three verbal forms as personal names.

    “This group also contains three verbal forms as personal names”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Long vowels may be rendered by explicit vowel signs in Babylonian cuneiform texts.

    “Long vowels may be rendered by explicit vowel signs”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The corpus contains 58 single-stem full Iranian names.

    “The Iranian names are either single-stem full names (58 names), two-stem full names (168 names), prefixed names (26 names), full names composed of three elements (6 names), patronymic names (19 names), or hypocoristic names (shortened names; 116 names).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    The omission of /w/ is only attested in expressions beginning with /wi/-.

    “The last manner is only attested in expressions beginning with /wi/-.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 13
  • May combine two claims. 28

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Kāma- 'desire, wish' occurs in 8 names.

    “Kāma-'desire, wish' (8 names)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There are only four examples of this phenomenon, three of which are renderings of the divine element *Miθra-, suggesting that scribal convention played a role here.

    “There are only four examples of this phenomenon, three of which are renderings of the divine element *Miθra-, suggesting that scribal convention played a role here.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The adjectival prefix hu-/u- is overwhelmingly dominant among prefixed names; no fewer than twenty-seven names begin with this element.

    “Although various prefixes are used in anthroponyms, the adjectival prefix hu-/u-is overwhelmingly dominant in this respect.No fewer than twenty-seven names begin with this element.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Divine names occur in no fewer than sixty-nine cases in two-stem full names and function preferably as the first element.

    “Divine names occur in no fewer than sixty-nine casesfoot_5 and function preferably as the first element.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Most inaccurate writings occur when Babylonians noted down Iranian vowels, especially short vowels, although in general a renders /a/, i /i/, and u /u/.

    “Most inaccurate writings occur when Babylonians noted down Iranian vowels, especially short vowels, although in general a renders /a/, i /i/, and u /u/.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Generally, the Babylonian scribes rendered the foreign Iranian names quite accurately; they wrote what they heard.

    “Generally, the Babylonian scribes rendered the (in their eyes) foreign Iranian names quite accurately; they wrote what they heard.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    One of the larger groups consists of names that take a hypocoristic suffix.

    “One of the larger groups consists of names that take a hypocoristic suffix:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    This pattern can be traced in cuneiform documents from the Neo-Babylonian, Achaemenid, Alexandrinian, Seleucid, and Arsacid periods.

    “This pattern can be traced in cuneiform documents from the Neo-Babylonian, Achaemenid, Alexandrinian, Seleucid, and Arsacid periods.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The attested cuneiform documents are representative enough to trace socio-onomastic patterns across the relevant periods.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Old Iranian sibilants are rendered in a logical way in Babylonian and only a few exceptional transpositions exist.

    “The Old Iranian sibilants are rendered in a logical way in Babylonian and only a few exceptional transpositions exist.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    There are four systems used by Babylonian scribes to denote Old Iranian clusters of two consonants; the first is most frequent, the last least frequent.

    “In general, there are four systems used by the Babylonian scribes to denote Old Iranian clusters of two consonants.These systems are listed here.The first one is the most frequent one, the last one the least frequent.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Most pre-Achaemenid Old Iranian names are recorded in tablets written under the Neo-Babylonian Empire; only one name is attested in the period when Babylonia was under Neo-Assyrian rule.

    “Most names are recorded in tablets written under the Neo-Babylonian Empire; only one name is attested in the period when Babylonia was under Neo-Assyrian rule.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The direction of error is mostly that Iranian voiceless consonants are rendered by their Babylonian voiced equivalent (twelve out of eighteen examples), except for the labials.

    “The direction of error is mostly that Iranian voiceless consonants are rendered by their Babylonian voiced equivalent (twelve out of eighteen examples), except for the labials.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Babylonian and Old Persian/Median both have a voiced/voiceless distinction.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Iranian names prefer to have the divine name as first element, contrary to Babylonian names where the place of the divine element is not fixed.

    “Iranian names prefer to have the divine name as first element, contrary to Babylonian names where the place of the divine element is not fixed.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Of the pre-Achaemenid Old Iranian names, two are Median (Cyaxares, Astyages) and two Teispid (Teispes, Cambyses I).

    “two of which are Median (Cyaxares, Astyages) and two Teispid (Teispes, Cambyses I).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Babylonian scribes were accurate in noting down Old Iranian consonants; only a couple of errors occur, such as mistakes against the voiced/voiceless distinction.

    “One can only admire the Babylonian scribes for their accuracy in noting down the Old Iranian consonants.Only a couple of errors occur, such as mistakes against the distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants, a distinction that is nevertheless present in both Babylonian and Old Persian/Median.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Babylonian and Old Persian/Median both have a voiced/voiceless distinction.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Of the post-Achaemenid Old Iranian names, twenty-three date to the Alexandrine and Seleucid period and thirty-eight to the Arsacid period.

    “of which twenty-three date to the Alexandrine and Seleucid period and thirty-eight to the Arsacid period.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The most frequent divine element is *Baga- 'God', which occurs in thirty names.

    “The most frequent divine element is *Baga-'God', which occurs in thirty names.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The toponyms in the corpus are all ethnonyms and all refer to lands rather than to cities.

    “The toponyms, as they occur in the corpus of names, are all ethnonyms and they all refer to lands rather than to cities.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Two personal names show more complicated systems: Ir. C1C2 = VC1-VC2-C2V and Ir. C1C2 = VC1-C1V-C2V.

    “Two personal names show a more complicated system: Ir. C 1 C 2 = VC 1 -VC 2 -C 2 V ( I u-pa-da-ar-am-ma-ˀ= Upadarma-) and Ir. C 1 C 2 = VC 1 -C 1 V-C 2 V ( I is-si-pi-ta-am-ma = *Spitāma-).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    Only final vowels can appear as (C)u in Babylonian, due to the tendency to use the Babylonian final nominative vowel.

    “Only final vowels can appear as (C)u in Babylonian, due to the tendency to use the Babylonian final nominative vowel.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    In some cases, /y/ is not explicitly indicated but is implied by the sequence of two vowels.

    “In some cases, /y/ is not explicitly indicated but is implied by the sequence of two vowels.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Most toponyms are hypocoristics.

    “Most of them are hypocoristics.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The other deities occurring in anthroponyms are A(h)ura- (1 name), Ama- (3 names), Ārmati- (1 name), Hauma- (1 name), (H)uvar-/Xvar- (6 names), Māhi- (1 name), Mazdā- (4 names), Rauxšna- (2 names), and Tīra-/Tīrī-/Tīrya- (10 names).

    “The other deities occurring in anthroponyms are A(h)ura-'Lord' (1 name), Ama-'Strength' (3 names), Ārmati-'Piety, Devotion' (1 name), Hauma-'The divine haoma-plant' (1 name), (H)uvar-/ Xvar-'Sun' (6 names), Māhi-'Moon' (1 name), Mazdā-'Wisdom' (4 names), Rauxšna-'Light' (2 names), and Tīra-/Tīrī-/Tīrya-, the god of rain and writing (10 names).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The stops most sensitive for abandoning the voiced/voiceless distinction are the dentals, while velars and labials appear more accurately.

    “The stops most sensitive for abandoning the distinction voiced/voiceless are the dentals, while velars and labials appear more accurately.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Babylonian and Old Persian/Median both have a voiced/voiceless distinction.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    All but one of the subordinates of *Rtaxšara- bore the title ardu 'servant, subordinate'; only Itti-Bēl-abni was a slave (qallu).

    “In any case, all but one of the subordinates of this high-ranked official also bore the title ardu 'servant, subordinate'.Only Itti-Bēl-abni, attested in a text from 443 BCE (BE 9 4), was a slave (qallu).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    In the Neo-Babylonian period, not many individuals bearing Iranian names are attested, and not much is known of them.

    “In the Neo-Babylonian period, not that many individuals bearing Iranian names are attested.In addition, not much is known of them.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Old Persian is a southwest Iranian language.

    “Old Persian is a southwest Iranian language (Schmitt 2004, 739;Isebaert and Tavernier 2012, 299)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Schmitt 2004, 739

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Isebaert and Tavernier 2012, 299

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Old Persian was written by means of a deliberately designed cuneiform writing system containing thirty-six phonemic signs, eight logograms, two word-dividers, and various number symbols.

    “It was written by means of a deliberately designed cuneiform writing system, containing thirty-six phonemic signs, eight logograms, two-word-dividers, and various number symbols (Schmitt 2004, 719;Isebaert and Tavernier 2012, 304).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Schmitt 2004, 719

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Isebaert and Tavernier 2012, 304

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Because there are no extant Median texts, it remains impossible to know with which writing system Median would have been written.

    “There are no extant Median texts, so it remains impossible to know with which writing system it would have been written.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    One of the most conspicuous aspects of Iranian names in Late Babylonian sources is that the functions of persons bearing Iranian names reflect the political situation of that time.

    “One of the most conspicuous aspects of Iranian names in Late Babylonian sources is that the functions of persons bearing Iranian names reflect the political situation of that time.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The attested cuneiform documents are representative enough to trace socio-onomastic patterns across the relevant periods.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The directly and semi-directly transmitted Iranica provide the key to the transpositional systems between Old Iranian and Babylonian.

    “The directly and semi-directly transmitted Iranica provide the key to the transpositional systems between the source language (Old Iranian) and the target language (Babylonian).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    There is no certainty on the language behind the Sumerograms in hybrid names; it is probably Babylonian, but the possibility that the Sumerograms conceal an Iranian lexeme cannot be excluded.

    “It should, however, be noted that there is no certainty on the language behind the Sumerograms.It is probably Babylonian, but the possibility that the Sumerograms conceal an Iranian lexeme cannot be excluded.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The use of u is probably a scribal convention, since Babylonian final vowels were no longer pronounced in the Achaemenid period, just like their Iranian counterparts.

    “The use of u, however, is probably a scribal convention, since Babylonian final vowels were no longer pronounced in the Achaemenid period, just like their Iranian counterparts.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Babylonian and Iranian final vowels were no longer pronounced in the Achaemenid period.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    One could argue that the signs RI and RU function as a rendering of the consonant /r/, not of the syllables /ri/ and /ru/.

    “This is the nicest example, as one could argue that the signs RI and RU function as a rendering of the consonant /r/, not of the syllables /ri/ and /ru/.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    An explanation for the Median shape of most Iranian names in Babylonian may be that the Babylonians adopted the Assyrian manner of rendering Iranian names.

    “An explanation for this may be that the Babylonians adopted the Assyrian manner of rendering Iranian names.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Assyrian manner of rendering Iranian names was the direct result of contacts between Median people and the Neo-Assyrian Empire, which had no linguistic contacts with the Persian-speaking tribes situated more to the south.

    “This Assyrian manner was the direct result of the contacts between Median people and the Neo-Assyrian Empire which had no linguistic contacts with the Persian-speaking tribes situated more to the south (Brandenstein and Mayrhofer 1964, 12).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Brandenstein and Mayrhofer 1964, 12

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    *Rtaxšara- occurs in thirteen texts (443-418 BCE) of the Murašû archive and is probably identical to the Paphlagonian eunuch Ἀρτοξάρης.

    “An interesting case is *R ˙taxšara-, who occurs in thirteen texts (443-418 BCE) of the Murašû archive (Stolper 1985, 91-92) and who is probably identical to the Paphlagonian eunuch Ἀρτοξάρης, who supported Darius II and became an influential person at his court.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Stolper 1985, 91-92

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    With the arrival of Iranian dominance in Mesopotamia, the pattern continues and attested persons with Iranian names reflect the society of that time.

    “With the arrival of Iranian dominance in Mesopotamia, this pattern continues and the attested persons with Iranian names reflect the society of that time.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The attested cuneiform documents are representative enough to trace socio-onomastic patterns across the relevant periods.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Nearly all of *Rtaxšara-'s subordinates had a seal, corroborating their rather high social position.

    “Nevertheless, they nearly all had a seal, which again corroborates their rather high social position.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Menostanes, son of Artarios, can be identified with *Manuštāna- from the Murašû archive; his father Artarios appears as Artareme (*Rtarēva-) in the same archive.

    “This Menostanes can easily be identified with *Manuštāna-from the Babylonian Murašû archive; his father Artarios appears as Artareme (*R ˙tarēva-) in the same archive (Stolper 1985, 90-1).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Stolper 1985, 90-1

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Most Iranians attested in Babylonian sources belong to the higher social strata and could also own slaves, as demonstrated by *Ārmati-.

    “Most Iranians attested in Babylonian sources belong to the higher social strata and could also own slaves, as demonstrated by *Ārmati-, the owner of a slave named Nabû-iks ˙ur (TMH 2/3 171:6).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
41 of 41

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    After Cyrus conquered Babylonia in 539 BCE, Mesopotamia was governed by two Iranian dynasties (Teispids and Achaemenids) for more than two centuries.

    “When the Teispid king Cyrus conquered Babylonia in 539 BCE, Mesopotamia found itself governed by two Iranian dynasties (Teispids and Achaemenids) for more than two centuries.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Babylonian and Iranian final vowels were no longer pronounced in the Achaemenid period.

    “since Babylonian final vowels were no longer pronounced in the Achaemenid period, just like their Iranian counterparts.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Babylonian and Old Persian/Median both have a voiced/voiceless distinction.

    “a distinction that is nevertheless present in both Babylonian and Old Persian/Median.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In Babylonian, /m/ and /w/ are relatively close to each other.

    “In Babylonian, /m/ and /w/ are relatively close to each other, as a result of which Babylonian /w/ is expressed by M-signs from the mid-second millennium onwards.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The attested cuneiform documents are representative enough to trace socio-onomastic patterns across the relevant periods.

    “This pattern can be traced in cuneiform documents from the Neo-Babylonian, Achaemenid, Alexandrinian, Seleucid, and Arsacid periods.”
5 of 5

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Three-element-name totals disagree

    Minor

    The typology lists six three-element names, but the dedicated section says there are five.

  • Three-element section accounts for only four names

    Minor

    The section says there are five names, but describes three containing the infix and only one without it, accounting for four.

  • A ninth subordinate appears after a list of eight

    Minor

    The text identifies eight subordinates and names all eight, then identifies Itti-Bēl-abni-who is not in that list-as another subordinate.

  • Prefixed-name totals disagree

    Minor

    The typology lists 26 prefixed names, while the section heading gives 38. The counts of prefixes within that section also add to 38.

4 of 4

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. Tavernier, 2015, Review of R. Zadok 2009. Iranische Personennamen in der neu- und spätbabylonischen Nebenüberlieferung, Archiv für Orientforschung, 53
  2. Justeson, 1991, Evolution of syllabaries from alphabets: transmission, language contrast, and script typology, Die Sprache, 35, 2
  3. Briant, 1996, Histoire de l’empire perse de Cyrus à Alexandre
  4. Weidner, 1939, Mélanges syriens offerts à Monsieur René Dussaud, 2
  5. Zadok, 2009, Iranische Personennamen in der neu- und spätbabylonischen Nebenüberlieferung
  6. Kent, 1953, Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexikon, 33
  7. Zadok, 1976, Review of W. Hinz 1975. Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen, Bibliotheca Orientalis, 33
  8. Hinz, 1975, Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen
  9. Isebaert, 2012, Le vieux-perse, Res Antiquae, 9, 299
  10. Tavernier, 2007, Iranica in the Achaemenid period (c. 550–330 BC): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, 158

Related

Authors
Tavernier, J.
Corresponding author
Tavernier, Jan
ORCID
Tavernier, Jan
Venue
Personal Names in Cuneiform Texts from Babylonia (c. 750–100 BCE)
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Published
2023-12-31
Pages
238-257
DOI
10.1017/9781009291071.017
OpenAlex
W4390485780
Cited by
0
References
7
FWCI
0.00
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient Near East History
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and language evolution
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Eurasian Exchange Networks
Keywords
Achaemenid period, onomastics, spelling conventions, Iranian personal names

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