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Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger
Abstract
When I first heard about the explosion I was sitting in my freshman dorm room with my roommate and we were watching TV. It came on a news flash and we were both totally shocked. I was really upset and I went upstairs to talk to a friend of mine and then I called my parents. I was in my religion class and some people walked in and started talking about [it]. I didn't know any details except that it had exploded and the schoolteacher's students had all been watching which I thought was so sad. Then after class I went to my room and watched the TV program talking about it and I got all the details from that. The two memories above are actual written responses to the question “How did you first hear the news of the Challenger disaster?” The first account was given in the fall of 1988, long after the event, by an Emory senior whom we will call “RT.” It was a vivid recollection, which met or exceeded all the standard tests of a “flashbulb memory.” Asked for 5-point confidence ratings of various aspects of the memory, RT hit the top of the scale: 5 on How did you hear it? (television), Where were you? (her room), What were you doing? (watching television), Who was with you? (roommate), and How did you feel? (shocked and upset).
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“For example, Neisser and Harsch reported high degrees of inconsistency for memories of hearing about the Challenger explosion three years previously.”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Neisser & Harsch, 1992
In the citing paper
“Other articles, however, have emphasized that flashbulb memories may show evidence of inconsistency and are not always more consistent than non-flashbulb memories (Larsen, 1992; Neisser & Harsch, 1992; Talarico & Rubin, 2003; Talarico & Rubin, 2007).”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Neisser & Harsch, 1992
In the citing paper
“It is quite possible, therefore, that multiple perceptual records are encoded so that, even if each one of them were perfectly accurate, inconsistency could arise from retrieving some of them and not others (Kvavilashvili, et al., 2009; Neisser & Harsch, 1992).”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Neisser & Harsch, 1992
In the citing paper
“They concluded that flashbulb memories did not have special qualities but were likely ordinary memories that had been subject to additional rehearsal.”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Neisser & Harsch, 1992
In the citing paper
“Flashbulb memories are usually recalled with a higher degree of confidence than other memories of equal age (Brown & Kulik, 1977;Talarico & Rubin, 2003), even when individuals are confronted with evidence that the event in memory could not have occurred as it is remembered (Neisser & Harsch, 1992).”
From Emotional Intensity Predicts Autobiographical Memory Experience (2004) · cites this paper as Neisser & Harsch, 1992
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Molder, H. T., & Potter, J. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489990.013 · Cited by 1
Memory Distortions Develop Over Time: A Reply to Horn
Squire, L. R., Schmolck, H., & Buffalo, E. A. (2001) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00332 · Cited by 1
“Second, our findings of inaccurate memories at 32 months after the criminal-trial verdict conform closely to the findings reported at 32 to 34 months after the Challenger Space Shuttle disaster (Neisser & Harsch, 1992).”
ResultIndividuelle Lebenssituation und autobiographisches raumbezogenes Wissen
Xu, G., & Heineken, E. (2005) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1026/0044-3409.213.2.115 · Cited by 1
Memory demands on facial composite identification
Oswald, K. M., & Coleman, M. L. (2006) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1276 · Cited by 1
Rongved, I. D. (2008) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 1
Terapi-inducerede falske erindringer
Jensen, G. L. (2001) · Nordisk Psykologi · doi:10.1080/00291463.2001.11863992 · Cited by 1
Book review: The Constructive Mind: Bartlett’s Psychology in Reproduction
Sterrett, S. (2021) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/1750698020976467 · Cited by 1
Raw, J., Rorke, A., ELLIS, J. A., Murayama, K., & Sakaki, M. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wjg23 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Neisser, U., & Harsch, N.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Venue
- Affect and Accuracy in Recall
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1992-10-30
- Pages
- 9-31
- OpenAlex
- W1541204951
- Cited by
- 493
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 9.73
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- flashbulb memory, false memory, Challenger disaster, memory distortion, eyewitness testimony, television news
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