The DOI matches its Crossref record; 331 of the 332 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Essential Guide to Effect Sizes: Statistical Power, Meta-Analysis, and the Interpretation of Research Results
Abstract
This succinct and jargon-free introduction to effect sizes gives students and researchers the tools they need to interpret the practical significance of their results. Using a class-tested approach that includes numerous examples and step-by-step exercises, it introduces and explains three of the most important issues relating to the practical significance of research results: the reporting and interpretation of effect sizes (Part I), the analysis of statistical power (Part II), and the meta-analytic pooling of effect size estimates drawn from different studies (Part III). The book concludes with a handy list of recommendations for those actively engaged in or currently preparing research projects.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“All training effects were in a range of Cohen’s d = 0.240 and d = 0.295, which are conventionally labelled small effects72.”
From Voluntary upregulation of heart rate variability through biofeedback is improved by mental contemplative training (2019) · cites this paper as [72]
In the citing paper
“this may have inflated the reported effect sizes used in the power analysis (Ellis, 2010)”
From A Feasibility and Pilot Randomised Dismantling Trial of the Efficacy of Self-As-Context During Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. (2021) · cites this paper as Ellis, 2010
In the citing paper
“the use of effect sizes, such as Cohen d, is based on statistical assumptions that change is linear.”
From Measurement of Symptom Change Following Web-Based Psychotherapy: Statistical Characteristics and Analytical Methods for Measuring and Interpreting Change (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“by employing effect sizes, researchers assume that the symptom change that follows treatment is average, constant, and representative of the average change experienced by any participating individual [18,27].”
From Measurement of Symptom Change Following Web-Based Psychotherapy: Statistical Characteristics and Analytical Methods for Measuring and Interpreting Change (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
Citations
Cites
Items 201–331 of 331
Austin, P. C., Mamdani, M., Juurlink, D. N., & Hux, J. E. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.012 · Cited by 136
Statistical and theoretical considerations in meta-analysis
Olkin, I. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00136-e · Cited by 136
Calibration of measures for psychotherapy outcome studies.
SECHREST, L. B., McKnight, P. E., & McKnight, K. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.51.10.1065 · Cited by 135
Comparison of three major meta-analytic approaches.
Johnson, B. T., Mullen, B. R., & Eduardo Salas, A. (1995) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.80.1.94 · Cited by 133
The case against retrospective statistical power analyses with an introduction to power analysis
Nakagawa, S., & Foster, T. M. (2004) · acta ethologica · doi:10.1007/s10211-004-0095-z · Cited by 133
Gardner, M. J., & Altman, D. G. (1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.296.6631.1210 · Cited by 128
Cashen, L. H., & Geiger, S. W. (2004) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428104263676 · Cited by 126
Keselman, H. J., Algina, J. J., Lix, L. M., Wilcox, R. R., & Deering, K. (2008) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.13.2.110 · Cited by 125
Bailar, J. C. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00149-k · Cited by 124
Market orientation and marketing practice in a developing economy
Ellis, P. D. (2005) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090560510590746 · Cited by 123
Self-citationCosta, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(92)90002-7 · Cited by 122
Statistical Reform in Psychology: Is Anything Changing?
Cumming, G., Fidler, F., Leonard, M., Kalinowski, P., Christiansen, A., Kleinig, A., Lo, J., McMenamin, N., & Wilson, S. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01881.x · Cited by 122
A Note on Misconceptions Concerning Prospective and Retrospective Power
Zumbo, B. D., & Hubley, A. M. (1998) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00139 · Cited by 121
Atkinson, D. R., Furlong, M., & Wampold, B. (1982) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.29.2.189 · Cited by 120
A statistical power analysis of applied psychological research.
Chase, L. J., & Chase, R. B. (1976) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.61.2.234 · Cited by 115
Combining significance levels.
Becker, B. J. (1994) · Cited by 115
Sensitivity, bias, and theory in impact evaluations.
Boruch, R. F., & Gomez, H. (1977) · Professional Psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.8.4.411 · Cited by 108
Rothman, K. J. (1998) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199805000-00019 · Cited by 105
On the Power of Statistical Tests in the "American Educational Research Journal"
Brewer, J. K. (1972) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312009003391 · Cited by 105
The continued search for nonarbitrary metrics in psychology.
Embretson, S. E. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.1.50 · Cited by 96
The Importance of Effect Magnitude
Kirk, R. E. (2003) · doi:10.1002/9780470756973.ch5 · Cited by 95
Power and money: Designing statistically powerful studies while minimizing financial costs.
Allison, D. B., Allison, R. L., Faith, M. S., Paultre, F., & Pi‐Sunyer, F. X. (1997) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.2.1.20 · Cited by 95
Distance, dependence and diversity of markets: effects on market orientation
Ellis, P. D. (2007) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400270 · Cited by 94
Self-citationCummings, T. G. (2007) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2007.24349184 · Cited by 93
Statistical Techniques Employed inAERJandJCPArticles from 1988 to 1997: A Methodological Review
Kieffer, K. M., Reese, R. J., & Thompson, B. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220970109599489 · Cited by 91
The p-value fallacy and how to avoid it.
Dixon, P. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale · doi:10.1037/h0087425 · Cited by 90
Reporting of Statistical Inference in the Journal of Applied Psychology: Little Evidence of Reform
Finch, S. J., Cumming, G., & Thomason, N. R. (2001) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/00131640121971167 · Cited by 87
Confidence Intervals for Effect Sizes in Analysis of Variance
Bird, K. (2002) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164402062002001 · Cited by 86
Osborne, J. W. (2020) · Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/z7we-dg46 · Cited by 86
Generalizing the common language effect size indicator to bivariate normal correlations.
Dunlap, W. P. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.509 · Cited by 85
Role of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis in Evidence‐based Medicine
Sauerland, S., & Seiler, C. M. (2005) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-005-7917-7 · Cited by 85
THE PERCEPTIONS AND USAGE OF STATISTICAL POWER IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
Mone, M. A., Mueller, G. C., & MAULAND, W. (1996) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1996.tb01793.x · Cited by 84
The Ombudsman: Verification of Citations: Fawlty Towers of Knowledge?
Wright, M., & Armstrong, J. S. (2008) · INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics · doi:10.1287/inte.1070.0317 · Cited by 83
Big Things Have Small Beginnings: An Assortment of “Minor” Methodological Misunderstandings
Cortina, J. (2002) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/s0149-2063(02)00131-9 · Cited by 81
Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction
Yusuf, S., & Flather, M. D. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6982.751 · Cited by 80
Comparison of two random-effects methods of meta-analysis.
Hall, S. M., & Brannick, M. T. (2002) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.377 · Cited by 79
Haase, R. F., Waechter, D. M., & Solomon, G. S. (1982) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.58 · Cited by 79
Williams, D. R. (1994) · Cited by 77
We need statistical thinking, not statistical rituals
Gigerenzer, G. (1998) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x98281167 · Cited by 77
A deficiency of the odds ratio as a measure of effect size
Newcombe, R. G. (2006) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.2683 · Cited by 75
Assessment of statistical power in contemporary strategy research
Mazen, A. M. M., Hemmasi, M., & Lewis, M. F. (1987) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250080410 · Cited by 75
Sudnow, D. (1967) · Society · doi:10.1007/bf03180093 · Cited by 74
Approximate Confidence Intervals for Effect Sizes
Algina, J. J., & Keselman, H. J. (2003) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164403256358 · Cited by 71
Are null results becoming an endangered species in marketing?
Hubbard, R., & Armstrong, J. (1992) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1007/bf00993992 · Cited by 71
Andersen, M. B., McCullagh, P. D., & Wilson, G. J. (2007) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.29.5.664 · Cited by 70
Field, A. P. (2003) · Figshare · Cited by 67
Toward improved statistical reporting in the journal of consulting and clinical psychology.
Fidler, F., Cumming, G., Thomason, N., Pannuzzo, D., Smith, J., Fyffe, P., Edmonds, H., Harrington, C., & Schmitt, R. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.1.136 · Cited by 67
Thompson, B. (1999) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1022028509820 · Cited by 67
Campion, M. A. (1993) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00896.x · Cited by 66
Thompson, B. (2008) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412995627.d21 · Cited by 66
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 4th Edition
Rachal, J. R. (1995) · Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi) · doi:10.1177/0741713695045002005 · Cited by 65
STATISTICAL POWER IN CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH.
Mazen, A. M. M., Graf, L. A., KELLOGG, C. E., & Hemmasi, M. (1987) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256280 · Cited by 65
Why We Don't Really Know What Statistical Significance Means: Implications for Educators
Hubbard, R., & Armstrong, J. S. (2006) · Journal of Marketing Education · doi:10.1177/0273475306288399 · Cited by 63
Market orientation and performance in small independent retailers in the UK
Megicks, P., & Warnaby, G. (2008) · The International Review of Retail Distribution and Consumer Research · doi:10.1080/09593960701778192 · Cited by 62
OPEN A NEW WINDOW IN RATIONAL RESEARCH PLANNING: ADJUST ALPHA TO MAXIMIZE STATISTICAL POWER
Cascio, W. F., & Zedeck, S. (1983) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1983.tb02233.x · Cited by 62
Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1999) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.84.1.144 · Cited by 62
Statistical Significance should not be Considered one of Life’s Guarantees: Effect Sizes are Needed
Vacha-haase, T. (2001) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/00131640121971194 · Cited by 61
Understanding and Interpreting Effect Size Measures
LeCroy, C. W., & Krysik, J. (2007) · Social Work Research · doi:10.1093/swr/31.4.243 · Cited by 61
Correction for Bias in Estimating Effect Sizes
Roberts, J. K., & Henson, R. K. (2002) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164402062002003 · Cited by 61
McCLOSKEY, D. N. (2002) · Cited by 60
Sample size and power analysis in medical research.
Zodpey, S. P. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 58
Understanding Statistical Power
Norton, B. J., & Strube, M. (2001) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2001.31.6.307 · Cited by 58
On the relationship of reliability to statistical power.
Sutcliffe, J. P. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.509 · Cited by 57
Randolph, J., & Edmondson, R. S. (2020) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/zqwr-mx46 · Cited by 54
Koplan, S. M. (1979) · Community Mental Health Review · doi:10.1300/j257v03n05_04 · Cited by 53
Accuracy of Effect Size Estimates from Published Psychological Research
Brand, A., Bradley, M. T., Best, L. A., & Stoica, G. (2008) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.106.2.645-649 · Cited by 52
Finch, S., Cumming, G., & Thomason, N. (2001) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164401612001 · Cited by 52
Interpreting Empirical Results in Strategy and Management Research
Shaver, J. M. (2007) · Research methodology in strategy and management · doi:10.1016/s1479-8387(07)04009-x · Cited by 52
Statistics: Informed Decisions Using Data
Sullivan, M. W. (2003) · Cited by 51
The account taken of statistical power in research published in the British Journal of Psychology
Clark-Carter, D. D. (1997) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02621.x · Cited by 50
A power‐analytic examination of contemporary communication research
Chase, L. J., & Tucker, R. K. (1975) · Speech Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637757509375874 · Cited by 49
An Analysis of the Use of Statistical Testing in Communication Research
Katzer, J., & Sodt, J. (1973) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00947.x · Cited by 49
The ‘power’ of international business research
Brock, J. K. (2003) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400006 · Cited by 49
Statistical power of articles published in three health-psychology related journals.
Maddock, J. E., & Rossi, J. S. (2001) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.20.1.76 · Cited by 46
Thompson, B. (1999) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223989909599728 · Cited by 44
Mendoza, J. L., & Stafford, K. L. (2001) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/00131640121971419 · Cited by 43
Averaging correlation coefficients: Influence of heterogeneity and set size.
Strube, M. (1988) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.559 · Cited by 41
"An exercise in mega-silliness": Reply.
Glass, G. V., & Smith, M. L. (1978) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.33.5.517.b · Cited by 41
An Analysis of Statistical Power in Behavioral Accounting Research
Borkowski, S. C., Welsh, M. J., & Zhang, Q. (2001) · Behavioral Research in Accounting · doi:10.2308/bria.2001.13.1.63 · Cited by 40
Power dressing and meta‐analysis: incorporating power analysis into meta‐analysis
Muncer, S., Taylor, S., & Craigie, M. A. (2002) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02177.x · Cited by 40
Livingston, E. H., & Cassidy, L. D. (2005) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2004.12.013 · Cited by 40
Osborne, J. W. (2008) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410701491718 · Cited by 39
Hollenbeck, J. R., DeRue, D. S., & Mannor, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.1 · Cited by 39
DIFFERENTIAL RECALL BIAS AND SPURIOUS ASSOCIATIONS IN CASE/CONTROL STUDIES
Barry, D. (1996) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19961215)15:23 · Cited by 39
Meaningful measures of effect.
Yeaton, W. H., & SECHREST, L. B. (1981) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.49.5.766 · Cited by 38
Houle, T. T., Penzien, D. B., & Houle, C. K. (2005) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05092.x · Cited by 36
Confidence Intervals for an Effect Size Measure in Multiple Linear Regression
Algina, J. J., Keselman, H. J., & Penfield, R. D. (2007) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164406292030 · Cited by 36
Callahan, J., & Reio, T. (2006) · Human Resource Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/hrdq.1167 · Cited by 35
Evidence-based orthopaedics: A brief history
Hoppe, D., & Bhandari, M. (2008) · Indian Journal of Orthopaedics · doi:10.4103/0019-5413.40244 · Cited by 34
A meta‐analysis of effect sizes in international marketing experiments
Wang, X., & Yang, Z. (2008) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/02651330810877216 · Cited by 34
Design of experiments to maximize power relative to cost.
Overall, J. E., & Dalal, S. N. (1965) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0022527 · Cited by 33
Teaching the Type I and Type II Errors: The Judicial Process
Feinberg, W. E. (1971) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1971.10478908 · Cited by 32
Communication disorders: A power analytic assessment of recent research
Kroll, R. M., & Chase, L. J. (1975) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/0021-9924(75)90016-7 · Cited by 32
Practical power analysis for substance abuse health services research.
Dennis, M. L., Lennox, R., & Foss, M. A. (1997) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10222-011 · Cited by 32
Significance Tests are Not Enough
Harris, M. J. (1991) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354391013007 · Cited by 31
Lilford, R., & Stevens, A. J. (2002) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.01989.x · Cited by 31
A framework for power analysis using a structural equation modelling procedure
Miles, J. N. V. (2003) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-3-27 · Cited by 30
Relational and Arelational Confidence Intervals
Rouder, J. N., & Morey, R. D. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00783.x · Cited by 29
Meta-Analysis and Power: Some Suggestions for the Use of Power in Research Synthesis
Muncer, S., Craigie, M. A., & Holmes, J. (2003) · Understanding Statistics · doi:10.1207/s15328031us0201_01 · Cited by 29
Rossi, J. S. (1985) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164485454004 · Cited by 28
Rules of Evidence: A Larger Context for the Statistical Debate
Scarr, S. (1997) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00537.x · Cited by 28
Statistical power and Type II errors in social work research
Orme, J. G., & Combs-Orme, T. D. (1986) · Social Work Research and Abstracts · doi:10.1093/swra/22.3.3 · Cited by 27
Importance of Effect Sizes for the Accumulation of Knowledge
Houle, T. T., & Eisenach, J. C. (2007) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200703000-00002 · Cited by 26
An Assessment of Quantitative Research in Mass Communication
Chase, L. J., & Baran, S. J. (1976) · Journalism Quarterly · doi:10.1177/107769907605300217 · Cited by 25
Trial by Jury: Criteria for Convictions, Jury Size and Type I and Type II Errors
Friedman, H. (1972) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1972.10477339 · Cited by 25
Why We Don't Really Know What ‘Statistical Significance’ Means: A Major Educational FailurePreprint
Armstrong, J. S., & Hubbard, R. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1154386 · Cited by 25
Statistical Power Analysis of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Research
Christensen, J. E., & Christensen, C. E. (1977) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/10671315.1977.10762173 · Cited by 24
Using Power Analysis to Evaluate and Improve Research
Murphy, K. R. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470756669.ch6 · Cited by 22
Interpreting empirical findings
Shaver, J. M. (2006) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400217 · Cited by 22
Kelley, K., & Maxwell, S. E. (2012) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446212165.n11 · Cited by 22
Reporting Effect Sizes: the Roles of Editors, Textbook Authors, and Publication Manuals
Hyde, J. S. (2001) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164401612005 · Cited by 20
Using Statistical Power Analysis in Sport Management Research
Parks, J. B., Shewokis, P. A., & Costa, C. A. (1999) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.13.2.139 · Cited by 20
Statistical and Practical Significance in the IJPT: A Research Review from 1993-2003.
Armstrong, S. A., & Henson, R. K. (2004) · International Journal of Play Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0088888 · Cited by 19
A NOTE ON THE POWER OF STATISTICAL TESTS IN THE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT
Brewer, J. K., & OWEN, P. W. (1973) · Journal of Educational Measurement · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1973.tb00784.x · Cited by 18
Greca, A. M. L. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.1.3 · Cited by 18
Urschel, J. D. (2005) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-005-7912-z · Cited by 17
So what? Beyond statistical significance to substantive significance in strategy research
Seth, A., Carlson, K. D., Hatfield, D. E., & Lan, H.-W. (2009) · Research methodology in strategy and management · doi:10.1108/s1479-8387(2009)0000005001 · Cited by 16
Statistical Power in Research in English Education
Daly, J. A., & Hexamer, A. (1983) · Research in the Teaching of English · doi:10.58680/rte198315715 · Cited by 15
Retrospective and Prospective on Program Impact Assessment
Campbell, D. T. (1994) · Evaluation Practice · doi:10.1016/0886-1633(94)90024-8 · Cited by 15
An Analysis of the Power of Statistical Tests Reported in the Research Quarterly
Jones, B. J., & Brewer, J. K. (1972) · Research Quarterly American Association for Health Physical Education and Recreation · doi:10.1080/10671188.1972.10615106 · Cited by 15
Drug Found to Help Heart Attack Survivors
Kolata, G. B. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7027443 · Cited by 14
Null-hypothesis significance tests in behavioral and management research: We can do better
Schwab, A., & Starbuck, W. H. (2009) · Research methodology in strategy and management · doi:10.1108/s1479-8387(2009)0000005002 · Cited by 14
The Chi-Square Test and Accompanying Effect Size Indices
Gliner, J. A., Morgan, G. A., & Harmon, R. J. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200212000-00024 · Cited by 13
[Selection Models and the File Drawer Problem]: Comment
Hedges, L. V. (1988) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/ss/1177013013 · Cited by 12
VAUGHAN, R. D. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.105379 · Cited by 10
Confidence intervals and sample sizes
Day, S. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6781.908 · Cited by 9
Retrospective Power Analysis: When?
Ertürk, Ş. M. (2005) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2372050480 · Cited by 6
How to Report Nonsignificant Results Planning to Make the Best Use of Statistical Power Calculations
Derr, J., & Goldsmith, L. J. (2003) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2003.33.6.303 · Cited by 6
Effect sizes II: differences between proportions
Hadži-Pavlović, D. (2007) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00262.x · Cited by 5
Infancy Asks That Authors Report and Discuss Effect Sizes
Bakeman, R. A. (2005) · Infancy · doi:10.1207/s15327078in0701_2 · Cited by 2
Results Need Nurturing: Guidelines for Authors
Bakeman, R. A. (2001) · Infancy · doi:10.1207/s15327078in0201_1 · Cited by 2
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lakens, D. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863 · Cited by 10,303
Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation.
Fritz, C. O., Morris, P. E., & Richler, J. J. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0024338 · Cited by 5,199
The New Statistics: Why and How
Cumming, G. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613504966 · Cited by 3,200
Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers
Gignac, G. E., & Szodorai, E. T. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.069 · Cited by 2,860
Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode
Bromet, E., Andrade, L. H., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., Alonso, J., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Demyttenaere, K., Hu, C., Iwata, N., et al. (2011) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-90 · Cited by 2,221
Metadata
- Authors
- Ellis, P. D.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Ellis, Paul D.
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2010-07-01
- OpenAlex
- W578092267
- Cited by
- 2,461
- References
- 332
- Citations by year
- 2026: 114 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 170 · 2023: 178 · 2022: 187 · 2021: 269 · 2020: 248 · 2019: 204 · 2018: 188 · 2017: 147 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 137 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 33.44
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- effect size, practical significance, statistical power, meta-analysis, effect size reporting, interpretation of research results
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
