Ethics and Science: An Introduction
Abstract
Who owns your genes? What does climate science imply for policy? Do corporations conduct honest research? Should we teach intelligent design? Humans are creating a new world through science. The kind of world we are creating will not simply be decided by expanding scientific knowledge, but will depend on views about good and bad, right and wrong. These visions, in turn, depend on critical thinking, cogent argument and informed judgement. In this book, Adam Briggle and Carl Mitcham help readers to cultivate these skills. They first introduce ethics and the normative structure of science and then consider the 'society of science' and its norms for the responsible conduct of research and the treatment of human and animal research subjects. Later chapters examine 'science in society' - exploring ethical issues at the interfaces of science, policy, religion, culture and technology. Each chapter features case studies and research questions to stimulate further reflection.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Widely accepted journal guidelines and research norms imply that authors must be willing to be responsible and accountable for the content of the manuscript.
“Although it is important to disclose how an LLM has been used to write or edit a manuscript, designating an LLM as an author is ethically problematic because widely accepted journal guidelines, such as those provided by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and research norms, such as those articulated by Shamoo and Resnik (2022) and Briggle and Mitcham (2012), imply that”
From The ethics of disclosing the use of artificial intelligence tools in writing scholarly manuscripts (2023) · cites this paper as Briggle and Mitcham, 2012
Designating an LLM as an author is ethically problematic.
“Although it is important to disclose how an LLM has been used to write or edit a manuscript, designating an LLM as an author is ethically problematic because widely accepted journal guidelines, such as those provided by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and research norms, such as those articulated by Shamoo and Resnik (2022) and Briggle and Mitcham (2012), imply that”
From The ethics of disclosing the use of artificial intelligence tools in writing scholarly manuscripts (2023) · cites this paper as Briggle and Mitcham, 2012
The scientific values are expressed in the institutional norms for research proposed by Merton, which were later refined and expanded upon by others.
“The scientific values are expressed in the institutional norms for research proposed by Merton [95], which were later refined and expanded upon by others [33, 96, 97].”
From Autonomous artificial intelligence, scientific research, and human values (2026) · cites this paper as [97]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The ethics of disclosing the use of artificial intelligence tools in writing scholarly manuscripts
Hosseini, M., Resnik, D. B., & Holmes, K. (2023) · Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/17470161231180449 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Autonomous artificial intelligence, scientific research, and human values
Resnik, D. B., Hosseini, M., & Hauswald, R. (2026) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00908-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Briggle, A., & Mitcham, C.
- Affiliations
- University of North Texas (US)
- Colorado School of Mines (US)
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2012-10-25
- OpenAlex
- W4254106185
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Research, Science, and Academia
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Education, Technology, and Ethics
- Keywords
- ethics of science, responsible conduct of research, research ethics, human research subjects, animal studies, intelligent design, science and religion, science and technology, critical thinking, science in society
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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