Construction with digital twin information systems

“Although there is no commonly agreed conceptualization or definition of the term (Kritzinger et al., 2018; Gerber et al., 2019), numerous organizations have defined digital twins in terms of their functions and characteristics.”

“This idea has spawned broad areas of research, such as Automated Project Performance Control (APPC) (Navon and Sacks, 2007), Construction 4.0 (Oesterreich and Teuteberg, 2016), and construction applications of technologies for acquisition of as-built geometry, including, for example, photogrammetry…”

“…and virtual counterparts, enabled by the development of advanced sensing (e.g., computer vision), internet of things (e.g., interconnected assets), high-speed networking (e.g., 5G internet), and advanced analytics (e.g., machine learning) technologies (Rosen et al., 2015; Gerber et al., 2019).”

“According to Tao et al. (2019a), digital twins have three main elements: a physical artefact, a digital counterpart, and the connection that binds the two together.”

“” Data-Centric Engineering e14-13 Kitchin (2014) reasoned that data refer to those elements that are “ taken ” (derived from the Latin “ capere ” ), for example, “ extracted through observations, computations, experiments, and record keeping ” (Borgman, 2012).”

“Digital twins are considered by some to represent a step in the evolution of manufacturing, capable of facilitating the implementation of Industry 4.0 principles (Rosen et al., 2015; Uhlemann et al., 2017).”

“BIM encompasses the workflows and the technology for digital, object-oriented modeling of construction products and processes (Sacks et al., 2018).”

“Broadly speaking, information is compiled by interpreting data , information is processed to create knowledge , and knowledge supports decisions and actions (Kitchin, 2014).”

“This is one of the key potential synergies of lean construction and BIM (Sacks et al., 2010).”

“For example, in addition to listing five differentiators between BIM models and digital twins, Khajavi et al. (2019) observed that the use of digital twins of buildings is restricted to building operation.”

“Some notable exceptions prove the rule: for example, some collision alert systems employ separate technologies to locate heavy machinery (e.g., GPS) and workers (e.g., computer vision), merging the data to generate actionable information (Seo et al., 2015; Fang et al., 2018).”

“Technologies that sound alarms to alert workers to imminent potential collisions or falls belong to this category (e.g., Cheng and Teizer, 2013).”

“As project production systems (Ballard and Howell, 2003), all significant construction projects require intense collaboration among large groups of independent designers, consultants, contractors, suppliers, and public agencies.”

“Some notable exceptions prove the rule: for example, some collision alert systems employ separate technologies to locate heavy machinery (e.g., GPS) and workers (e.g., computer vision), merging the data to generate actionable information (Seo et al., 2015; Fang et al., 2018).”

“…(APPC) (Navon and Sacks, 2007), Construction 4.0 (Oesterreich and Teuteberg, 2016), and construction applications of technologies for acquisition of as-built geometry, including, for example, photogrammetry and laser scanning (Brilakis et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2015; Han and Golparvar-Fard, 2017).”

“According to Tao et al. (2019a), digital twins have three main elements: a physical artefact, a digital counterpart, and the connection that binds the two together.”

“First, it applied the reactive “ thermostat model ” of control (Hofstede, 1978).”

“The results of other research suggest that property graph representations with late binding schema objects are apparently most appropriate (Sacks et al., 2020).”

“Modern construction planning and control can be understood as a sequence of concentric PDCA cycles because production in construction is recognized as executed in short-term project production systems amenable to continuous improvement (Koskela, 1992; Forbes and Ahmed, 2011).”

“Navon (2005) proposed a system termed “ APPC ” (Navon, 2005; Navon and Sacks, 2007), as shown in Figure 1.”

“This idea has spawned broad areas of research, such as Automated Project Performance Control (APPC) (Navon and Sacks, 2007), Construction 4.0 (Oesterreich and Teuteberg, 2016), and construction applications of technologies for acquisition of as-built geometry, including, for example, photogrammetry…”

“Many authors have suggested that the same concept is applicable to the construction industry (e.g., García de Soto et al., 2019; Klinc and Turk, 2019; Sawhney et al., 2020).”

“…(APPC) (Navon and Sacks, 2007), Construction 4.0 (Oesterreich and Teuteberg, 2016), and construction applications of technologies for acquisition of as-built geometry, including, for example, photogrammetry and laser scanning (Brilakis et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2015; Han and Golparvar-Fard, 2017).”

“…(APPC) (Navon and Sacks, 2007), Construction 4.0 (Oesterreich and Teuteberg, 2016), and construction applications of technologies for acquisition of as-built geometry, including, for example, photogrammetry and laser scanning (Brilakis et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2015; Han and Golparvar-Fard, 2017).”

“…production planning and detailed product design during construction, based on well-informed and reliable “ what-if ” scenario assessments, can greatly reduce the waste that is inherent in construction (Formoso et al., 2002; Horman and Kenley, 2005; Gonzalez et al., 2007; Ogunbiyi et al., 2014).”

“The deepening transformative impact of digital information on project delivery models in construction is already clearly evident (Whyte, 2019).”

“For the purpose of their operation and maintenance, based largely on the BIM models produced through their design and construction (Aengenvoort and Krämer, 2018; Borrmann et al., 2018; Arup, 2019).”

“As construction progresses and data accumulate, the Interpret function applies complex event processing (CEP) to deduce what was done and what resources were consumed in doing it (Buchmann and Koldehofe, 2009).”

“From the traditional perspective, functions of knowledge include description, explanation, and prediction of the behavior of phenomena (Losee, 2001).”

“This manual work is time-consuming and error-prone (Costin et al., 2012; Zhao et al., 2019).”

“…with systematic observation/experimentation and quantification/mathematization, conceptual analysis forms an important part of the scientific method (Machado and Silva, 2007) and is focused on breaking down the concepts into elementary parts and studying their interdependencies (Beaney, 2018).”

“Fujimoto considered manufacturing a flow of design information, in which productive assets are seen as information carriers, embodying design information (Fujimoto, 2007, 2019).”

“The primary flow is the flow of work itself, which is usually embodied as locations in a building (Kenley and Seppänen, 2010; Sacks, 2016).”

“In this context, most of the self-declared implementations of digital twins are limited to exploiting BIM as information stores and for visualizing information (Teicholz, 2013; Bonci et al., 2019).”

“…been proposed (Mosca et al., 2020), including adoption of platform organizations in the context of construction management services delivered by startup companies as “ software-as-a-service ” solutions (e.g., Laine et al., 2017), and product platform models in house building (Jansson et al., 2014).”

“This manual work is time-consuming and error-prone (Costin et al., 2012; Zhao et al., 2019).”

“Obtaining this information is especially difficult at the look ahead level (Hamzeh et al., 2015), and it is here that automated monitoring can be of particular benefit.”

“Obtaining this information is especially difficult at the look ahead level (Hamzeh et al., 2015), and it is here that automated monitoring can be of particular benefit.”

“Many researchers are currently tackling these problems (e.g., Wagner et al., 2020; Werbrouck et al., 2020).”

“This has been the experience of innovations such as lean construction and BIM (Zomer et al., 2020).”

“However, in the context of productive sciences, knowledge also has a prescriptive function (de Figueiredo and da Cunha, 2007).”

“Many researchers are currently tackling these problems (e.g., Wagner et al., 2020; Werbrouck et al., 2020).”

“This is manifested in the PDCA cycle, embodied in the different functions of production management, including production system design, production system operation (planning, execution, and control), and production system improvement (Koskela, 2020).”

“…been proposed (Mosca et al., 2020), including adoption of platform organizations in the context of construction management services delivered by startup companies as “ software-as-a-service ” solutions (e.g., Laine et al., 2017), and product platform models in house building (Jansson et al., 2014).”

“…Digital Twin ” (NDT) — an interconnected ecosystem of digital twins, each modeling a component, a system, or a system of systems of buildings and infrastructure, connected via securely shared data — reflects the view of the nature of digital twins in the built environment (Enzer et al., 2019).”

“For the purpose of their operation and maintenance, based largely on the BIM models produced through their design and construction (Aengenvoort and Krämer, 2018; Borrmann et al., 2018; Arup, 2019).”

“…provided through use of BIM in the procurement process of infrastructure assets has value in that it can provide the cornerstone for information systems for optimal operation of individual assets, of systems of assets, and indeed of systems of systems (Bew, 2016; Gurevich and Sacks, 2020).”