The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 69 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks
Open accessAbstract
Animals may be present in healthcare facilities for multiple reasons.Although specific laws regarding the use of service animals in public facilities were established in the United States in 1990, the widespread presence of animals in hospitals, including service animals to assist in patient therapy and research, has resulted in the increased presence of animals in acute care hospitals and ambulatory medical settings.The role of animals in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens and cross-transmission of human pathogens in these settings remains poorly studied.Until more definitive information is available, priority should be placed on patient and healthcare provider safety, and the use of standard infection prevention and control measures to prevent animal-to-human transmission in healthcare settings.This paper aims to provide general guidance to the medical community regarding the management of animals in healthcare (AHC).The manuscript has four major goals:1. Review and interpret the medical literature regarding risks and evidence for animal-to-human transmission of pathogens in the healthcare setting, along with the potential benefits of animal-assisted activities in healthcare.2. Review hospital policies related to AHC, as submitted by members of the SHEA Guidelines Committee.3. Summarize a survey that assessed institutional AHC policies.4. Offer specific guidance to minimize risks associated with the presence of AHC settings.Recommendations for the safe oversight and management of AHC should comply with legal requirements and minimize the risk of transmission of pathogens from animals to humans when animals are permitted in the healthcare setting.Although little published literature exists on this topic, we provide guidance on the management of AHC in four categories: animal-assisted activities, service animals, research animals, and personal pet visitation.Institutions considering these programs should have policies that include well-organized communication and education directed at healthcare personnel (HCP), patients, and visitors.Appropriately designed studies are needed to better define the risks and benefits of allowing animals in the healthcare setting for specific purposes.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This SHEA white paper offers expert-opinion guidance for managing animals in acute care and ambulatory facilities—animal-assisted activities, service animals, research animals, and personal pet visitation—to reduce pathogen transmission risks. It synthesizes limited literature, 23 submitted hospital policies, and a 2013 SHEA survey (337 respondents, 21.7% response) and concludes that evidence is insufficient for formal guidelines.
Key findings
- The evidence base is weak: the paper states few scientific studies address animal-to-human transmission in healthcare and insufficient studies exist for generalizable, evidence-based recommendations; recommendations are expert-opinion-based and not GRADE-graded.
- Survey of SHEA membership/SHEA Research Network: 337 respondents (21.7% of 1,550); 93% acute care, 77% US. Among facilities allowing animals, some lacked formal policies: animal-assisted activities 5.8% (18/306), service animals 4.3% (12/279), research animals 8.5% (11/130), personal pet visitation 5.8% (7/121); 8 US facilities, including a Veterans Hospital, reported not allowing service animals.
- Policy review: 23 facilities submitted policies; 20 addressed animal-assisted activities, 18 service animals, one-third research animals, and 13 allowed personal pet visitation. Most animal-assisted activities used dogs almost exclusively, though 3 policies allowed cats or miniature horses; service-animal policies commonly required vaccination/health certification, housebreaking, leash control, and patient/designee responsibility for care.
- Risk examples: in one study of 102 healthy visitation dogs, zoonotic agents were isolated from 80%, including toxigenic *Clostridium difficile* 40.1%, *Salmonella* spp. 3%, ESBL/cephalosporinase *E. coli* 4%, *Pasteurella* spp. 29%, *Malassezia pachydermatis* 8%, *Toxocara canis* 2%, and *Ancylostoma caninum* 2%. An ICU nursery outbreak of *M. pachydermatis* involved 15 case patients, 9 colonized infants, 1 healthcare worker, and 3 pet dogs, with 8 bloodstream infections, 2 urinary tract infections, 1 meningitis, and 4 asymptomatic colonizations.
Methods
- Design: SHEA white paper/guidance document with narrative literature review, review of submitted institutional policies, and cross-sectional survey.
- Data/sample: 23 healthcare facility policies submitted by writing group/SHEA Guidelines Committee members; SHEA Membership and SHEA Research Network survey February–May 2013, 337 respondents (21.7% of 1,550), mostly acute care (93%) and US (77%); only 24 non-US respondents linked to institution-identifying information were analyzed.
- Analysis: synthesized limited evidence, theoretical rationale, practical considerations, survey results, and writing group opinion; no formal evidence grading (e.g., GRADE) was used.
Limitations
- Stated: the topic lacks the level of evidence required for a formal guideline; no grading of evidence is provided; recommendations are suggested actions, not recognized standards or regulations, and adoption is at institutional discretion.
- Stated: few scientific studies and minimal case-report/outbreak experience exist; insufficient studies are available for generalizable, evidence-based recommendations; the document is intended only for acute care hospitals and ambulatory facilities, not assisted living, nursing homes, or extended care facilities.
- Stated/evident: the survey had a 21.7% response rate and only 24 non-US institutions were analyzed; the policy review relied on submitted policies, and not all facilities with animal programs had formal policies, so findings may reflect self-selection and variation in practice.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
32 Sources not found · 30 No basis given · 20 Own result · 13 Own interpretation · 2 Not checked yet
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“therefore, wide variations exist in policies and practice across healthcare institutions.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Few scientific studies have addressed the potential risks of animalto-human transmission of pathogens in the healthcare setting.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Risks of Animals in Healthcare
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“insufficient studies are available to produce generalizable, evidence-based recommendations (Table 2)”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, because animals have, in general, been excluded from hospitals, experience gained by means of case reports and outbreak investigations is minimal (Table 2).”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Risks of Animals in Healthcare
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several published studies promote animal-assisted activities to improve psychological health, pain management, and lowering of blood pressure among patients and staff (Table 9).”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most of these institutions explicitly barred certain pets from visitation, including animals recently adopted from shelters, rodents, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Personal Pet Visitation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, 8 US facilities, including a Veteran's Hospital, reported that they did not allow service animals.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Survey Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 23 facility policies submitted, 20 mentioned specific recommendations regarding animal-assisted activities.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Animal-Assisted Activities (Animal-Assisted or "Pet Therapy" Programs)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eight policies required animals to be bathed and groomed within 24 hours prior to each visit, including brushing and filing of nails.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Animal-Assisted Activities (Animal-Assisted or "Pet Therapy" Programs)
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, our review of institutional policies and of the survey results demonstrated substantial variation in practice around the issues related to AHC.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Survey Results
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 41
- It may state two separate claims as one. 25
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although little published literature exists on this topic, we provide guidance on the management of AHC in four categories: animal-assisted activities, service animals, research animals, and personal pet visitation.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The role of animals in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens and cross-transmission of human pathogens in these settings remains poorly studied.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In general, service animals were prohibited from drinking out of public water areas (eg, toilets, sinks), from having contact with persons with non-intact skin, and being kept overnight.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Service Animals
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All facilities (279) that permitted animal-assisted activities allowed dogs, with 21% of facilities also allowing cats, 5% allowing miniature horses, and 2% allowing primates.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Survey Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only one-third of the policies discussed research animals.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Research Animals
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most policies defined an animal-assisted activities animal as a personal pet that, with its owner or handler, provides comfort to patients in healthcare facilities.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Animal-Assisted Activities (Animal-Assisted or "Pet Therapy" Programs)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most policies mentioned that service animals are not pets, and a few institutions specified that comfort and companionship animals are not service animals.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Service Animals
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because this topic lacks the level of evidence required for a more formal guideline using the GRADE 10 or a similar system for quantitating scientific papers, no grading of the evidence level is provided for individual recommendations.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Guidance and Recommendation Format
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In general, animal-assisted activities animals were required to be >1-2 years of age, be fed a fully cooked diet for the preceding 90 days, not be in estrus, have lived with their owner in a residence for >6 months, and be housebroken, well mannered, obedient, easily controlled by voice command, and restrained by a short (4-6 feet) leash or lead.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Animal-Assisted Activities (Animal-Assisted or "Pet Therapy" Programs)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Requirements of service animals consistently included up-to-date vaccinations and certification of good health, and that service animals are required to be housebroken and under the control of the handler at all times, usually with a leash.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Service Animals
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We reviewed and compared hospital policies that were submitted from various institutions by the writing group and members of the SHEA Guidelines Committee and summarized the policies and procedures submitted by 23 healthcare facilities.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > review of submitted policies and procedures healthcare facilities
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dogs were almost exclusively utilized in animal-assisted activities; however, three policies allowed cats or miniature horses as animal-assisted activities animals.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Animal-Assisted Activities (Animal-Assisted or "Pet Therapy" Programs)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most policies clearly stated that care of the service animal was the complete responsibility of the patient, or his or her designee.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Service Animals
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These policies stated that all animal research must be approved by the institution's IACUC and, when research animals must be present in patient care areas, animal visits must be scheduled to minimize overlap with patient care activities.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Research Animals
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 337 SHEA members and members of the SHEA Research Network (21.7% response of 1,550 members) responded to the survey regarding their institutions' policies for AHC (Table 6).”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Survey Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Almost all policies required that the animals undergo regular (usually annual) evaluation by a veterinarian confirming their good health, that they be up-to-date on vaccinations, and that they have normal laboratory work (2 policies required routine negative stool cultures prior to participation).”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Animal-Assisted Activities (Animal-Assisted or "Pet Therapy" Programs)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The following is the percentage of facilities that allowed animals but had no formal policy: animal-assisted activities (5.8%, 18 of 306), service animals (4.3%, 12 of 279), research animals (8.5%, 11 of 130), personal pet visitation (5.8%, 7 of 121).”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Survey Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These 14 policies required staff members, visitors, and patients to perform hand hygiene both prior to and after interacting with animal-assisted activities animals.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Animal-Assisted Activities (Animal-Assisted or "Pet Therapy" Programs)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although most policies specifically allowed dogs, some also allowed the use of cats and miniature horses.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Service Animals
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“human strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have increasingly been described in cats, dogs, horses, and pigs, with animals potentially acting as sources of MRSA exposure in healthcare facilities. 2”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Risks of Animals in Healthcare
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While restriction of access to service animals is permitted in situations where public health may be compromised, allergies or fear of dogs by staff or other patients generally are not acceptable reasons for denying access.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Animal-assisted activities animals are not service animals.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Differences Between Animal-Assisted Activities Animals and Service Animals
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The facility is required to make adjustments as needed to accommodate the animal.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Federal law, which protects the rights of qualified persons with disabilities in terms of service animals, has no provision for animal-assisted activities animals.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Differences Between Animal-Assisted Activities Animals and Service Animals
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A large number of pathogens can be carried in the blood and body fluids of research and veterinary animals and have on occasion been spread to laboratory workers or healthcare providers.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no formal training of the owner/designee, as with an animal-assisted activities handler(s).”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Guidance
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Recently the American Heart Association (AHA) published a scientific statement regarding pet ownership and cardiovascular risk and concluded that pet ownership, particularly dog ownership, “is probably associated with” and “may have some causal role” in decreased cardiovascular disease risk.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, while visitation with pets can be restricted, in theory, to only the individual patient, in practice, this may not be the case, as pets could encounter various HCP, visitors, and patients during their time in the facility.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Legal protection extends only to individuals who are disabled, as defined under the ADA, not all patients with medical or psychological conditions.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Under the ADA, “service animals” are defined as “dogs that are individually trained to do work or perform tasks for people with disabilities.”9”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While pets are less scrutinized and would not necessarily fulfill the requirements for animal-assisted activities visitation programs, the potentially strong human-animal bond and corresponding potential positive impact on the patient leads many facilities to permit this activity.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Visitation with a personal pet can benefit the patient.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Healthcare providers or staff may ask the patient to describe what work/tasks the dog performs for the patient, but may not ask for a “certification” or “papers.””
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > II. Persons with disabilities may be requested but not required
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: There are no formal certification or registration programs for service animals, and certificates and paperwork can be readily purchased for any pet from various agencies.
In the paper
“Guidance provided by the Department of Justice makes clear that service animals under the ADA are “working animals” and not pets, and they are trained to perform specific duties or tasks.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pets do not typically undergo the same degree of health assessment or exclusion practices (eg, age) as compared to animals used in animal-assisted activities.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Guidance
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cats are not included in the recommendation due to concerns for increased potential allergenicity, potential increased risk of bites and scratches, and lack of data demonstrating advantages over dogs.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Edwards NE, 2002 (80)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, a dog whose sole function is comfort or emotional support is not considered a service dog.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Occasionally, laboratory animals may harbor ectoparasites (eg, fleas), and these may serve as vectors for transmission of various pathogens to human laboratory personnel or HCP.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > 5. Indirect transmission via vectors
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“some animal species may pose additional threat, such as physical injury from large animals or envenomation.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The stronger bond with the pet could accentuate the positive impacts on the patient, and the pre-established relationship between pet and person could reduce the risk of adverse events such as bites and scratches;”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A large number of pathogens may be carried subclinically in the gastrointestinal tracts of laboratory animals and can potentially be transmitted via the fecal-oral route.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > 4. Fecal-oral
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A statement that only dogs and miniature horses are recognized as Service Animals under federal law.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Guidance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The facility is not required to permit animals in training to become service animals to enter the facility, but may choose to do so, reserving the right to exclude such animals at its discretion.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Guidance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The facility's policy should note that the term “Service Animal,” as defined under the ADA, does not include dogs used for the provision of emotional support, well-being, comfort, or companionship.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > II. Persons with disabilities may be requested but not required
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“animals can serve as a reservoir and vehicle for potentially infectious pathogens”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Visitation by a pet is different than animal-associated activities or similarly structured activities.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Guidance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Not use choke chains or prong collars, which may trap and injure patients' fingers.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Edwards NE, 2002 (80)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, pets and their owners typically do not undergo the same (or any) form of training and scrutiny as compared to animal-assisted activities teams.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The ADA provides a limited exception for miniature horses if these animals otherwise satisfy the definition of a “service animal,” are housebroken, and do not create safety concerns.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A large number of bacterial infections may be acquired by trauma sustained in water or by injuries caused by water-dwelling animals.[39][40][41]”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Aquariums
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Federal guidelines limit the inquiries that staff may make when it is not obvious that the person is disabled and is using a service dog, as defined by the ADA.Staff may not require documentation about the person's disability or the animal's training but may ask: (1) “Is the dog a service animal required because of a disability?” and ( 2) “What work or task is the dog trained to perform?””
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because of logistics and expense, some equipment items and facilities may not be able to be dedicated solely for animal use; thus, research animals may need to be studied in human healthcare institutions using equipment and facilities that are also used for humans.”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Background
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Larval debridement therapy has been used around the world to promoted wound healing.55”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Larvae
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Generally, larval debridement therapy has used the disinfected fly larvae of Lucilia sericata in the treatment of wounds resistant to conventional therapy.56,57”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Larvae
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Cats cannot be trained to reliably provide safe interactions with patients in the healthcare setting.
“Cats should be excluded because they cannot be trained to reliably provide safe interactions with patients in the healthcare setting.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Standard infection prevention and control measures prevent animal-to-human transmission in healthcare settings.
“use of standard infection prevention and control measures to prevent animal-to-human transmission in healthcare settings.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There are no formal certification or registration programs for service animals, and certificates and paperwork can be readily purchased for any pet from various agencies.
“There are no formal certification or registration programs for service animals and certificates and paperwork can be readily purchased for any pet from various 'agencies.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
Visiting or residing in a healthcare facility likely increases the risk of the animal acquiring certain pathogens.
“Visiting or residing in a healthcare facility likely increases the risk of the animal acquiring certain pathogens.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Visitation with a personal pet can benefit the patient.
“Exceptions can be considered when the healthcare team determines that visitation with a pet would be of benefit to the patient and can be performed with limited risk to the patient, other patients, and healthcare facility as a whole.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Miniature horses generally range in height between 24 inches and 34 inches measured to the shoulders and generally weigh between 70 and 100 pounds.
“Miniature horses generally range in height between 24 inches and 34 inches measured to the shoulders and generally weigh between 70 and 100 pounds.”
The paper relies on this without support.
MRSA has been noted to colonize various domestic animal species.
“Similarly, MRSA has been noted to colonize various domestic animal species.”
The paper relies on this without support.
On occasion, zoos or veterinary facilities may appeal for use of human healthcare facilities to diagnose or treat sick or injured animals.
“Similarly, on occasion, zoos or veterinary facilities may appeal for use of human healthcare facilities to diagnose or treat sick or injured animals.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Large controlled clinical trials assessing benefits and risks of larval debridement therapy have not been performed.
“However, large controlled clinical trials assessing benefits and risks of this therapy have not been performed.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Petting zoos and animal exhibits have been associated with multiple outbreaks.
“Petting zoos and animal exhibits have been associated with multiple outbreaks.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Used engorged leeches are capable of transmitting bloodborne pathogens.
“Used engorged leaches should be consider capable of transmitting bloodborne pathogens and should be disposed of as hazardous waste.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Survey Results
“animal-assisted activities (5.8%, 18 of 306)”
§ d a n c e Animals in Healthcare Facilities: Recommendations to Minimize Potential Risks > Survey Results
“All facilities (279) that permitted animal-assisted activities allowed dogs”
Citations
Cites
GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.ad · Cited by 23,305
Sehulster, L. M., & Chinn, R. Y. W. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 1,418
Self-citationHandbook on animal-assisted therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice
Fine, A. H. (2010) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-46614 · Cited by 758
Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology
Wilson, B. A., & Ho, M. (2013) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00024-13 · Cited by 561
Microbiology of Animal Bite Wound Infections
Abrahamian, F. M., & Goldstein, E. J. C. (2011) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00041-10 · Cited by 431
Self-citationThe effects of animal-assisted therapy on anxiety ratings of hospitalized psychiatric patients
Barker, S. B., & Dawson, K. S. (1998) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.49.6.797 · Cited by 415
Banks, M. R., & Banks, W. A. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/57.7.m428 · Cited by 388
Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Kamioka, H., Okada, S., Tsutani, K., Park, H., Okuizumi, H., Handa, S., Oshio, T., Park, S.-J., Kitayuguchi, J., Abe, T., et al. (2014) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2013.12.016 · Cited by 323
Pet Ownership and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Levine, G. N., Allen, K., Braun, L. T., Christian, H. E., Friedmann, E., Taubert, K. A., Thomas, S. A., Wells, D. L., & Lange, R. A. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31829201e1 · Cited by 299
The human-companion animal bond: How humans benefit
Friedmann, E., & Son, H. (2009) · Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.10.015 · Cited by 299
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Swall, Can therapy dogs evoke awareness of one’s past and present life in persons with Alzheimer’s disease?, Int J Older People Nurs
- 10.1001/archderm.1986.01660180104026 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fine, A. H., Beck, A. M., & Ng, Z. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16203997 · Cited by 191
Morris, D. O., Loeffler, A., Davis, M. F., Guardabassi, L., & Weese, J. S. (2017) · Veterinary Dermatology · doi:10.1111/vde.12444 · Cited by 178
Self-citationThe Human–Animal Relationship as the Focus of Animal-Assisted Interventions: A One Health Approach
Menna, L. F., Santaniello, A., Todisco, M., Amato, A., Borrelli, L., Scandurra, C., & Fioretti, A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193660 · Cited by 96
Dalton, K. R., Rock, C., Carroll, K. C., & Davis, M. F. (2020) · Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control · doi:10.1186/s13756-020-00737-2 · Cited by 93
Linder, D. E., Siebens, H. C., Mueller, M. K., Gibbs, D. M., & Freeman, L. M. (2017) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.04.287 · Cited by 83
Uglow, L. (2019) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2019.28.8.509 · Cited by 79
Santaniello, A., Sansone, M., Fioretti, A., & Menna, L. F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093278 · Cited by 76
Serpell, J. A., Kruger, K. A., Freeman, L. M., Griffin, J. A., & Ng, Z. (2020) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00035 · Cited by 69
Santaniello, A., Dicé, F., Carratú, R. C., Amato, A., Fioretti, A., & Menna, L. F. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10050759 · Cited by 69
Risks associated with animal-assisted intervention programs: A literature review
Dalton, K. R., Waite, K. B., Ruble, K., Carroll, K. C., DeLone, A., Frankenfield, P., Serpell, J. A., Thorpe, R. J., Morris, D. O., Agnew, J., et al. (2020) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101145 · Cited by 65
Clements, H., Valentin, S., Jenkins, N., Rankin, J., Baker, J. S., Gee, N. R., Snellgrove, D., & Sloman, K. A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220524 · Cited by 60
The “pet effect” in cancer patients: Risks and benefits of human-pet interaction
Chan, M. M., & Rico, G. T. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.08.004 · Cited by 58
Pandey, R. P., Himanshu, Gunjan, Mukherjee, R., & Chang, C.-M. (2024) · JMIRx Med · doi:10.2196/51787 · Cited by 39
Therapy Dogs in Educational Settings: Guidelines and Recommendations for Implementation
Grové, C., Henderson, L., Lee, F., & Wardlaw, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.655104 · Cited by 52
Evidence of Animal-Assisted Therapy in Neurological Diseases in Adults: A Systematic Review
Rodríguez-Martínez, M. D. C., Maestre, A. D. L. P., Armenta-Peinado, J. A., Barbancho, M. Á., & García‐Casares, N. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412882 · Cited by 49
Cuny, C., Layer, F., Weber, R. E., Köck, R., & Witte, W. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10040677 · Cited by 49
Boyle, S. F., Corrigan, V. K., Buechner‐Maxwell, V., & Pierce, B. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00167 · Cited by 46
Perceptions of a hospital-based animal assisted intervention program: An exploratory study
Abrahamson, K. A., Cai, Y., Richards, E. A., Cline, K. M. C., & O’Haire, M. E. (2016) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.10.003 · Cited by 45
Canine-Assisted Interventions in Hospitals: Best Practices for Maximizing Human and Canine Safety
Barker, S. B., & Gee, N. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.615730 · Cited by 45
Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric Ambulatory Settings
Rathore, M. H., Jackson, M. A., Byington, C. L., Maldonado, Y., Barnett, E. D., Davies, H. D., MHCM, Edwards, K. M., Lynfield, R., Muñoz, F. M., et al. (2017) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-2857 · Cited by 43
Compendium of Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2017
_, _., Daly, R. F., House, J., Stanek, D. R., & Stobierski, M. G. (2017) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.251.11.1268 · Cited by 42
Thakkar, T. K., Naik, S., & Dixit, U. B. (2020) · European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry · doi:10.1007/s40368-020-00583-1 · Cited by 42
The Experience of Animal Assisted Therapy on Patients in an Acute Care Setting
Coakley, A. B., Annese, C. D., Empoliti, J., & Flanagan, J. M. (2020) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773820977198 · Cited by 36
Building Better Schools with Evidence-based Policy
Allen, K., Reupert, A., & Oades, L. G. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003025955 · Cited by 35
Maurelli, M. P., Santaniello, A., Fioretti, A., Cringoli, G., Rinaldi, L., & Menna, L. F. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9100827 · Cited by 34
Santaniello, A., Garzillo, S., Cristiano, S., Fioretti, A., & Menna, L. F. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11092576 · Cited by 33
Liguori, G., Costagliola, A., Lombardi, R., Paciello, O., & Giordano, A. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13101592 · Cited by 33
Dog-Assisted Therapy and Dental Anxiety: A Pilot Study
Cruz-Fierro, N., Vanegas-Farfano, M., & González-Ramírez, M. T. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9080512 · Cited by 32
Walden, M., Lovenstein, A., Randag, A., Pye, S. E., Shannon, B., Pipkin, E., Ramick, A., Helmick, K., & Strickland, M. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2020.04.017 · Cited by 29
Paving the Path Toward Retirement for Assistance Animals: Transitioning Lives
Ng, Z., & Fine, A. H. (2019) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00039 · Cited by 30
Barchas, D., Melaragni, M., Abrahim, H. L., & Barchas, E. (2020) · Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnc.2020.01.002 · Cited by 28
Meers, L. L., Contalbrigo, L., Samuels, W. E., Duarte-Gan, C., Berckmans, D., Laufer, S. J., Stevens, V., Walsh, E. A., & Normando, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.899889 · Cited by 27
Menna, L. F., Santaniello, A., Amato, A., Ceparano, G., Maggio, A. D., Sansone, M., Formisano, P., Cimmino, I., Perruolo, G., & Fioretti, A. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9080526 · Cited by 27
Gussgard, A. M., Weese, J. S., Hensten, A., & Jokstad, A. (2019) · Clinical and Experimental Dental Research · doi:10.1002/cre2.240 · Cited by 27
Self-citationEffects of Animal-Assisted Activity on Mood States and Feelings in a Psychiatric Setting
Brown, S., Snelders, J., Godbold, J., Moran-Peters, J. A., Driscoll, D., Donoghue, D., Mathew, L., & Eckardt, S. (2019) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390319853617 · Cited by 25
Self-citationThe Coleman Dog Attitude Scale (C-DAS): Development, refinement, validation, and reliability
Coleman, J. A., Green, B. A., Garthe, R. C., Worthington, E. L., Barker, S. B., & Ingram, K. M. (2016) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2016.01.003 · Cited by 25
Considerations for the Retirement of Therapy Animals
Ng, Z., & Fine, A. H. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9121100 · Cited by 23
A look at staphylococci from the one health perspective
Cuny, C., Layer, F., Werner, G., & Witte, W. (2024) · International Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151604 · Cited by 22
2021 AAHA Working, Assistance, and Therapy Dog Guidelines
Otto, C. M., Darling, T. A., Murphy, L., Ng, Z., Pierce, B. J., Singletary, M., & Zoran, D. L. (2021) · Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association · doi:10.5326/jaaha-ms-7250 · Cited by 22
Surveillance of Zoonotic Parasites in Animals Involved in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs)
Simonato, G., Danesi, P., di Regalbono, A. F., Dotto, G., Tessarin, C., Pietrobelli, M., & Pasotto, D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17217914 · Cited by 21
Animal-assisted activities in the intensive care unit: A scoping review
Lovell, T., & Ranse, K. (2022) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103304 · Cited by 21
Prevention of transmitted infections in a pet therapy program: An exemplar
Hardin, P., Brown, J., & Wright, M. E. (2016) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.007 · Cited by 21
The Effect of Animal-Assisted Therapy on the State of Patients’ Health After a Stroke: A Pilot Study
Machová, K., Procházková, R., Říha, M., & Svobodová, I. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16183272 · Cited by 21
Our Ethical and Moral Responsibility: Ensuring the Welfare of Therapy Animals
Ng, Z., Fine, A. H., Peralta, J. M., Tedeschi, P. J., & Albright, J. D. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22346-4.00016-0 · Cited by 21
Santaniello, A., Cimmino, I., Dipineto, L., Agognon, A. L., Bèguinot, F., Formisano, P., Fioretti, A., Menna, L. F., & Oriente, F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18179333 · Cited by 19
Trevathan-Minnis, M., Johnson, A., & Howie, A. R. (2021) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci8120303 · Cited by 18
Presence of Campylobacterjejuni and C. coli in Dogs under Training for Animal-Assisted Therapies
Santaniello, A., Varriale, L., Dipineto, L., Borrelli, L., Pace, A., Fioretti, A., & Menna, L. F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073717 · Cited by 16
Welcoming max: Increasing pediatric provider knowledge of service dogs
Stace, L. B. (2016) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.05.005 · Cited by 15
Dogs working in schools–Safety awareness and animal welfare
Bidoli, E. M. Y., Firnkes, A., Bartels, A., Erhard, M., & Döring, D. (2022) · Journal of Veterinary Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2022.09.004 · Cited by 14
The Dynamic Nature of Canine and Feline Infectious Disease Risks in the Twenty-first Century
Stull, J. W., Anderson, M., & Weese, J. S. (2019) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.02.002 · Cited by 14
Self-citationSteff, K., Grasemann, M., Ostermann, K., Goretzki, S. C., Rath, P., Reinhardt, D., & Schündeln, M. M. (2024) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-024-00829-8 · Cited by 13
Poh, K. C., Evans, J. R., Skvarla, M. J., & Machtinger, E. T. (2022) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects13060492 · Cited by 13
Chubak, J., Adler, A., Bobb, J. F., Hawkes, R. J., Ziebell, R. A., Pocobelli, G. S., Ludman, E. J., & Zerr, D. M. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.09.010 · Cited by 13
Infection Control and the Need for Family-/Child-Centered Care
Darby, J. B., & Falco, C. N. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98122-2_4 · Cited by 13
Guiding Principles for Human and Animal Research During Pharmaceutical Product Development
Maheshwari, R., Gupta, A., Ganeshpurkar, A., Chourasiya, Y., Tekade, M., & Tekade, R. K. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814421-3.00018-x · Cited by 12
Health Benefits and Risks of Pets in Nursing Homes: A Survey of Facilities in Ohio
Stull, J. W., Hoffman, C. C., & Landers, T. (2018) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20180322-02 · Cited by 12
Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in Dogs Being Trained for Animal-Assisted Therapy
Santaniello, A., Garzillo, S., Amato, A., Sansone, M., Fioretti, A., & Menna, L. F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176385 · Cited by 12
Issues Regarding the Welfare of Assistance Dogs
Salmon, A. J., Driscoll, C., Paterson, M., Harpur, P. D., & Pachana, N. A. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12233250 · Cited by 11
Ben-Aderet, M. A., Louis, S., Grein, J. D., Beekmann, S. E., Polgreen, P. M., & Uslan, D. Z. (2024) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2024.06.024 · Cited by 9
Reactivation of a Hospital-Based Therapy Dog Visitation Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Townsend, L. D., Heatwole, J. K., & Gee, N. R. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12141842 · Cited by 9
Jones, M. G., Filia, K., Rice, S., & Cotton, S. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14050705 · Cited by 8
Cynotherapy in Cancer Pain Management: A Pilot Study
Carvalho, F. S., Carvalho, S., Saúde-Conde, R., & Esteves, S. (2021) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnab118 · Cited by 8
Examining the Effect of an Animal-Assisted Intervention on Patient Distress in Outpatient Cystoscopy
Barker, S. B., Krzastek, S. C., Vokes, R. A., Schubert, C. M., Cooley, L. F., & Hampton, L. J. (2020) · Human-animal interaction bulletin · doi:10.1079/hai.2020.0002 · Cited by 8
Martin, N. D., L., J. L. P., Crowe, D. T., Toevs, C. C., Cerada, M. F., Mikkelsen, M. E., & Kaplan, L. J. (2018) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000001877 · Cited by 8
Linder, D. E., Mueller, M. K., Gibbs, D. M., Siebens, H. C., & Freeman, L. M. (2016) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Education · doi:10.3138/jvme.0116-021 · Cited by 8
Horton, L., Griffen, M. M., Chang, L., & Newcomb, A. B. (2023) · Journal of Trauma Nursing · doi:10.1097/jtn.0000000000000705 · Cited by 7
Naik, S., Joshi, A., Winnier, J., Patil, D., Gore, P., & Mali, S. S. (2023) · Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry · doi:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_493_23 · Cited by 7
Novotny, N. L., Deibner, J., & Herrmann, C. (2015) · Journal of Nursing Education and Practice · doi:10.5430/jnep.v5n7p123 · Cited by 7
Animal-Assisted Interventions: Taxonomy and Best Practices
Winkle, M., & Linder, D. E. (2018) · Human-animal interaction bulletin · doi:10.1079/hai.2018.0014 · Cited by 7
Hetland, B. D., Bailey, T., & Prince‐Paul, M. (2017) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/njh.0000000000000391 · Cited by 7
Use of a Dog Visitation Program to Improve Patient Satisfaction in Trauma Patients
Stevens, P., Kepros, J. P., & Mosher, B. D. (2017) · Journal of Trauma Nursing · doi:10.1097/jtn.0000000000000272 · Cited by 7
Animal-Assisted Interventions in Hospitals
Barker, S. B., & Barker, R. T. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815395-6.00021-3 · Cited by 7
Animal-assisted therapy and activities in the critical care setting
Rugari, S. M., Hunter, C. L., & Carswell, B. M. (2017) · Nursing Critical Care · doi:10.1097/01.ccn.0000525925.05733.ec · Cited by 6
Shoesmith, E., Hall, S. S., Riga, E., Mills, D. S., Gibsone, S., McMillan, D., Wu, Q., Clarke, C., & Ratschen, E. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1645811 · Cited by 5
Ng, Z., Svensson, L., Souza, M. J., & Albright, J. D. (2024) · Human-Animal Interactions · doi:10.1079/hai.2024.0011 · Cited by 5
Merk, A., Nelson, E., Provost, A., Rasch, M., Forster, L., Nottingham, K. L., Simon, J. E., & Fredricks, T. R. (2021) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.1515/jom-2020-0280 · Cited by 5
Wolken, S., Dreesman, J. M., Rocker, D., & Henke-Gendo, C. (2023) · One Health · doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100620 · Cited by 5
Dalton, K. R., Altekruse, W. C., Campbell, P., Ruble, K., Carroll, K. C., Thorpe, R. J., Agnew, J., & Davis, M. F. (2022) · People and Animals The International Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.62845/yc5qpcm · Cited by 5
Percepção social sobre atividade assistida por animais em hospitais
Fischer, M. L., & Zanatta, A. A. (2021) · Revista Bioética · doi:10.1590/1983-80422021293497 · Cited by 4
Our Ethical and Moral Responsibility
Ng, Z., Albright, J. D., Fine, A. H., & Peralta, J. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815395-6.00012-2 · Cited by 4
Paphitis, K., Metcalf, D. S., & Weese, J. S. (2023) · PubMed Central · Cited by 4
Self-citationService Dogs in the Perioperative Setting
Levey, J. A., & Chappy, S. L. (2017) · AORN Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aorn.2017.01.012 · Cited by 4
Grob, G., & Rogers, M. M. (2025) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-025-00887-6 · Cited by 4
Menge, C., Barth, S., Bartl, E.-M., Berens, C., Ewers, C., Heydel, C., Hümmelchen, H., Köhler, H. U., König, P., Leisen, A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1744335 · Cited by 3
Dhaka, P., Vijay, D., Makovska, I. F., Yadav, J. P., Bedi, J. S., Gill, J. P. S., & Dewulf, J. (2026) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106684 · Cited by 3
Jones, M. G., Filia, K., Rice, S., & Cotton, S. (2023) · Human-Animal Interactions · doi:10.1079/hai.2023.0041 · Cited by 3
Research, Practice, Science, and Public Policy – How They Fit Together in the Context of AAI
Feldman, S., Fine, A. H., & Melfi, L. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815395-6.00027-4 · Cited by 3
Companion Animal Zoonoses in Immunocompromised and Other High-Risk Human Populations
Stull, J. W. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-50934-3.00019-7 · Cited by 3
Masibigiri, T., Mudau, A. G., & Manyuma, D. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12232341 · Cited by 3
Kellogg, T., & Brockett-Walker, C. (2025) · Critical Care Nurse · doi:10.4037/ccn2025759 · Cited by 3
Service Dogs in the Hospital: Helpful or Harmful? A Case Report and Clinical Recommendations
Pellegrino, L. D., Cerimele, J. M., & Dubovsky, A. N. (2015) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2015.12.009 · Cited by 3
Pet Therapy: Enhancing Patient Care Through Time with Animals.
Mani, I., & Weese, J. S. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Self-citationNitrofurantoin and older women
Topçu, Y., Tufan, F., Bahat, G., & Karan, A. (2015) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.1150069 · Cited by 3
Camel-Assisted Services (CAS): Treatment, Education and Support Programmes
Pastrana, C. I., González, F. J. N., Bermejo, J. V. D., Baum, D., Crenshaw, V., Larsson, M., Brachmann, J., Adams, C., Arevalo, S., Kaufmann, M. R., et al. (2024) · Journal of Camel Practice and Research · doi:10.5958/2277-8934.2024.00051.6 · Cited by 2
Fossati, P. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16010092 · Cited by 2
Strengthening the Foundation of Human–Animal Interaction Research
McCune, S., Kruger, K. A., Griffin, J. A., Esposito, L. E., Bures, R. M., Hurley, K. J., & Gee, N. R. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815395-6.00032-8 · Cited by 2
Fournier, A. K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32972-3_4 · Cited by 2
Cultivating the Acceptance of Assistance Dogs in Aged Care through Deliberative Democracy
Salmon, A. J., & Pachana, N. A. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13162680 · Cited by 2
Pediatric Healthcare Epidemiology
Siegel, J. D., & Guzman‐Cottrill, J. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-40181-4.00002-5 · Cited by 2
Animals in Healthcare Settings
Murthy, R. K., Pandrangi, V. C., & Weber, D. J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60980-5_23 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Murthy, R., Bearman, G., Brown, S., Bryant, K., Chinn, R., Hewlett, A., George, B. G., Goldstein, E. J. C., Holzmann-Pazgal, G., Rupp, M. E., Wiemken, T., Weese, J. S., & Weber, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- Nebraska Medical Center (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Weber, David J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-03-02
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 495-516
- ISSN
- 0899-823X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-6834
- OpenAlex
- W2105256692
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
- Keywords
- zoonotic pathogens, service animals, animal-assisted activities, laboratory animals, infection control, healthcare worker safety, patient safety
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cross Infection, Dogs, Health Facilities, Humans, Zoonoses, Organizational Policy, Animal Assisted Therapy, Pets
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
