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Cited by 92Diaspora, migration, transnational identityLegal and cultural studies analysisAsian American and Pacific Histories

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Immigrants and Associations: Chinese in nineteenth-century Singapore

Freedman, Maurice·1960·Comparative Studies in Society and History
DOI 10.1017/s0010417500000980
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Abstract

The society built up by Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia has always been remarkable for its wealth of voluntary associations. In the various historical and sociological studies of Southeast Asian Chinese which have appeared the importance of associations has been duly stressed, although in respect of only two settlements have we been given full treatment of their structure and significance. In this paper I shall consider the associations which Singapore Chinese created and modified in the course of the nineteenth century. Studying this earlier period of Singapore history we can see how the Chinese members of the colonial society adapted their social organization to the conditions of a trading settlement in which, while they often amassed great riches, they were not their own political masters. At the end of the paper I shall consider the Singapore evidence within the wider setting of Southeast Asia and put forward certain general conclusions which may be taken up in other papers on the same theme.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s0010417500000980

Cites

25 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Citations

Cites

Show all 27 references

Research works printed but not linked: 29

  1. Comber, 1956, Chinese Secret Societies in Malaya, an Introduction, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Malayan Branch, XXIX, 155
  2. 1879, Manners and Customs of the Chinese of the Straits Settlements, 92
  3. Read, 1901, Play and Politics, Recollections of Malaya, 91
  4. Hill, 1955, The Hikayat Abdullah, An Annotated Translation, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Malayan Branch, XXVIII
  5. Wynne, 1941, Triad and Tabut, A Survey of the Origin and Diffusion of Chinese and Mohamedan Secret Societies in the Malay Peninsula A.D. 1800–1935
  6. Gazette (04 27, 1888), pp. 901f
  7. Freedman, 1958, Lineage Organization in Southeast China. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology, 117
  8. Census of the Straits Settlements, 1881
  9. 1833, Chinese Emigrants, The Chinese Repository, II, 230
  10. Freedman, 1957, Chinese Family and Marriage in Singapore
  11. Hare, 1895, The Wai Seng Lottery. Publications of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, I
  12. Hughes, 1873, The Small Knife Rebels (An Unpublished Chapter of Amoy History), The China Review, I
  13. 1896, Straits Settlements Annual Reports for the year 1895, 166
  14. Mills, 1925, British Malaya, 1824–1867, 203
  15. Ju-k’ang, 1953, The Chinese of Sarawak: A Study of Social Structure. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology
  16. Shellabear, 1913, Baba Malay. An Introduction to the Language of the Straits-bom Chinese, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch, 52
  17. 1958, Leadership and Power in the Chinese Community of Thailand
  18. Hodder, 1953, Racial Groupings in Singapore, The Malayan Journal of Tropical Geography, I
  19. Comber, 1959, Chinese Secret Societies in Malaya, a Survey of the Triad Society from 1800 to 1900. Monographs of the Association for Asian Studies, 6
  20. 1899, Local Chinese Social Organizations, The Straits Chinese Magazine, III, 43
  21. Freedman , Chinese Family and Marriage in Singapore, pp. 92ff
  22. Buckley, 1902, An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore, 365
  23. Schlegel, 1885, Het Kongsiwezen van Borneo …, Revue Coloniale Internationale, I
  24. Ward, 1954, A Hakka Kongsi in Borneo, Journal of Oriental Studies, I
  25. Cavenagh, 1884, Reminiscences of an Indian Official, 255
  26. U Chin, 1848, The Chinese in Singapore, Journal of the Indian Archipelago (Logan's Journal), II, 290
  27. Lafargue, 1909, L’lmmigration chinoise en Indochine, sa réglementation, ses conséquences économiques et politiques, 206
  28. Blythe, 1950, Eastern World
  29. Eng Die, 1943, Chineezen in Nederlandsch-Indië

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Metadata

Authors
Freedman, M.
Affiliations
London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
Corresponding author
Freedman, Maurice
Venue
Comparative Studies in Society and History
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1960-10
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
25-48
ISSN
  • 0010-4175 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-2999
DOI
10.1017/s0010417500000980
OpenAlex
W2045706074
Cited by
89
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI
17.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 17777 d)
Locations
Comparative Studies in Society and History (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Diaspora, migration, transnational identity
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Legal and cultural studies analysis
  • Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Asian American and Pacific Histories
Keywords
Chinese immigrants, civil society organizations, Singapore Chinese, Southeast Asian Chinese, colonial society, social organization, Chinese diaspora

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Immigrants and Associations: Chinese in nineteenth-century Singapore. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0010417500000980
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Freedman, M. (1960). Immigrants and Associations: Chinese in nineteenth-century Singapore. Comparative Studies in Society and History. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500000980

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.