Integrated chemo- and biostratigraphic calibration of early animal evolution: Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian of southwest Mongolia

Brasier, M. D.; Shields, G.; Kuleshov, V. N.; Zhegallo, E. A.

doi:10.1017/s0016756800007603

Cited by 331Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeological and Geochemical AnalysisPaleontology and Evolutionary Biology

Integrated chemo- and biostratigraphic calibration of early animal evolution: Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian of southwest Mongolia

Brasier, M. D., Shields, G., Kuleshov, V. N., Zhegallo, E. A.·1996·Geological Magazine

DOI 10.1017/s0016756800007603

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Abstract

Five overlapping sections from the thick Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian sediments of western Mongolia were analysed to yield a remarkable carbon-isotope, strontium-isotope and small shellyfossil (SSF) record. Chemostratigraphy suggests that barren limestones of sequences 3 and 4, which lie above the two Maikhan Uul diamictites, are post-Sturtian but pre-Varangerian in age. Limestones and dolomites of sequence 5, with Boxonia grumulosa, have geochemical signatures consistent with a post-Varangerian (Ediacarian) age. A major negative δ 13 C anomaly (feature ‘W’) in sequence 6 lies a shortdistance above an Anabarites trisulcatus Zone SSF asemblage with hexactinellid sponges, of probable late Ediacarian age. Anomaly ‘W’ provides an anchor point for cross-correlation charts of carbon isotopes and small shelly fossils. Trace fossil assemblages with a distinctly Cambrian character first appear in sequence 8(Purella Zone), at the level of carbon isotopic feature ‘B’, provisionally correlated with the upper part of cycle Z in Siberia. A paradox is found from sequence 10 to 12 in Mongolia: Tommotian-type SSFs continue to appear, accompanied by Nemakit-Daldynian/Tommotian-type 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios but by increasingly heavyδ 13 C values that cannot be matched in the Tommotian of eastern Siberia. The steady rate of generic diversification in Mongolia also contrasts markedly with the Tommotian ‘diversity explosion’ in eastern Siberia, which occurs just above a major karstic emergence surface. One explanation is that sequences 10 to 12 in Mongolia preserve a pre-Tommotian portion of the fossil record that was missing or removed in easternSiberia. The Mongolian sections certainly deserve an important place in tracing the true course and timing of the ‘Cambrian radiation’.

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The chemostratigraphic record from Western Mongolia is fragmentary because of thick intercalations of siliciclastic sediment from which the δ13Ccarb values cannot be read.
“The chemostratigraphic record from this region is fragmentary because of thick intercalations of siliciclastic sediment from which the δ 13 Ccarb values cannot be read”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Brasier et al . 1996
Anabaritids mark the basal Cambrian strata in Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, China, India, Iran and Laurentia, but may also occur in the uppermost Ediacaran of Siberia and Western Mongolia.
“Anabaritids mark the basal Cambrian strata in Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, China, India, Iran and Laurentia, but may also occur in the uppermost Ediacaran of Siberia”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Brasier et al . 1996
Voronin et al. defined the Stenothecoides Zone in Western Mongolia at a level correlated chemostratigraphically with prominent positive peaks of the uppermost Nemakit-Daldynian Stage of the Siberian Platform.
“Voronin et al . (1982) defined the Stenothecoides Zone in Western Mongolia at a level correlated chemostratigraphically (cf. Brasier et al . 1996; Fig. 5) with prominent positive peaks of the uppermost Nemakit-Daldynian Stage of the Siberian Platform”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Brasier et al . 1996
Probably the earliest appearance of Camenella is that reported from Western Mongolian beds at the beginning of the rising trend towards positive peak D, which may correspond to the rising trend towards Siberian peaks I or I′.
“Probably the earliest appearance of Camenella is that reported from Western Mongolian beds at the beginning of the rising trend towards positive peak D”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Brasier et al . 1996
Chemostratigraphic correlation with Siberia suggests that these occurrences are likely pre-dated by Khasagtina primaria from Western Mongolia.
“Chemostratigraphic correlation with Siberia (cf. Brasier et al . 1996) suggests that these occurrences are likely pre-dated by Khasagtina primaria Ushatinskaya, 1987 from Western Mongolia”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Brasier et al . 1996

The first appearances of the majority occurred in beds younger than the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary and the carbon isotope negative anomaly associated with this boundary, but not younger than those with Siberian δ13C feature Z attributed to the upper Anabarites trisulcatus-lower Purella zones of the Nemakit-Daldynian Stage.
“but not younger than those with Siberian δ 13 C feature Z and attributed to the upper Anabarites trisulcatus -lower Purella zones of the NemakitDaldynian Stage”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Brasier et al. 1996
Protoconodont Protohertzina unguliformis first appears in Mongolia at level M2.
“M2 . Protoconodonts Protohertzina unguliformis ; scaly shells of halwaxiids Purella sp.; orthothecid? hyoliths Pseudorthotheca bicostata Qian (indicated as P. bistriata in Khomentovsky & Gibsher, 1996, fig. 13, p. 386) (Brasier et al . 1996, fig. 9; Khomentovsky & Gibsher, 1996, fig. 13).”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Brasier et al. 1996
Halwaxiid Purella sp. first appears in Mongolia at level M2.
“M2 . Protoconodonts Protohertzina unguliformis ; scaly shells of halwaxiids Purella sp.; orthothecid? hyoliths Pseudorthotheca bicostata Qian (indicated as P. bistriata in Khomentovsky & Gibsher, 1996, fig. 13, p. 386) (Brasier et al . 1996, fig. 9; Khomentovsky & Gibsher, 1996, fig. 13).”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Brasier et al. 1996
Orthothecid? hyolith Pseudorthotheca bicostata first appears in Mongolia at level M2.
“M2 . Protoconodonts Protohertzina unguliformis ; scaly shells of halwaxiids Purella sp.; orthothecid? hyoliths Pseudorthotheca bicostata Qian (indicated as P. bistriata in Khomentovsky & Gibsher, 1996, fig. 13, p. 386) (Brasier et al . 1996, fig. 9; Khomentovsky & Gibsher, 1996, fig. 13).”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Brasier et al. 1996

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Authors: Brasier, M. D., Shields, G., Kuleshov, V. N., & Zhegallo, E. A.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
Geological Institute (CH)
Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
ORCID: Shields, G.
Kuleshov, V. N.
Venue: Geological Magazine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 1996-07
Volume: 133
Issue: 4
Pages: 445-485
ISSN: 0016-7568 (ISSN-L)
1469-5081
DOI: 10.1017/s0016756800007603
OpenAlex: W2146761970
Cited by: 331
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 16.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 4687 d)
Locations: Geological Magazine (publishedVersion)
reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Keywords: early animal evolution, chemostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, carbon isotopes, strontium isotopes, small shelly fossils, Ediacaran, Cambrian explosion, Tommotian, trace fossils, Siberia

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Integrated chemo- and biostratigraphic calibration of early animal evolution: Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian of southwest Mongolia

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