Fluid supersaturation and crystallization in porous media
Abstract
The relationship between the supersaturation at the point of crystallization and the rate at which supersaturation increases has been studied from nucleation experiments on barite BaSO 4, strontianite SrCO 3, witherite BaCO 3 and gypsum CaSO 4.2H 2 O. The crystallization experiments have been carried out by the counter-diifusion of cations and anions through a column of porous silica gel transport medium. Nucleation is suppressed in a finely-porous medium resulting in very high values of supersaturation before crystallization from the solution begins. This threshold supersaturation for nucleation depends on the solubility of the salt, the porosity of the medium and the supersaturation rate. Nucleation inhibitors were used to extend the range of supersaturation attainable. In all cases the experimental data fits the general expression: rate of change of supersaturation ∝ (threshold supersaturation)m. These results are compared to previous work from the field of chemical engineering on the relationship between supersaturation, volume and cooling rate in aqueous salt solutions. These experiments have important implications to supersaturation in natural fluids and subsequent crystallization in relation to geological problems including crystallization in low temperature sedimentary environments and fluid-rock ratios in hydrothermal mineral deposits.
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The decrease in crystal sizes was expected due to the lower solubilities of Mn-rich carbonates in comparison to Ca-rich carbonates, i.e., the less soluble Mn-rich phases were more metastable; consequently, they crystallized at a higher supersaturation.
“This decrease in crystal sizes was expected due to the lower solubilities of Mn-rich carbonates in comparison to Ca-rich carbonates, i.e., the less soluble Mn-rich phases were more metastable; consequently, they crystallized at a higher supersaturation [24].”
From Dissolution and solubility of calcite-rhodochrosite solid solutions [(Ca1-xMnx)CO3] at 25 °C (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
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Dissolution and solubility of calcite-rhodochrosite solid solutions [(Ca1-xMnx)CO3] at 25 °C
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“, the less soluble Mn-rich phases were more metastable; consequently, they crystallized at a higher supersaturation [24].”
Background
- Authors
- Putnis, A., Prieto, M., & Fernandez-Diaz, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- ORCID
- Putnis, Andrew
- Venue
- Geological Magazine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 0016-7568 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5081
- OpenAlex
- W2159360168
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geological Magazine (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Crystallization and Solubility Studies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- crystallization, porous media, nucleation, counter-diffusion, silica gel column, barite, strontianite, witherite, gypsum, porosity, cooling rate, hydrothermal deposits
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