The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Is There an Intertemporal Relation between Downside Risk and Expected Returns?
Open accessAbstract
This paper examines the intertemporal relation between downside risk and expected stock returns. Value at Risk (VaR), expected shortfall, and tail risk are used as measures of downside risk to determine the existence and significance of a risk-return tradeoff. We find a positive and significant relation between downside risk and the portfolio returns on NYSE/AMEX/Nasdaq stocks. VaR remains a superior measure of risk when compared with the traditional risk measures. These results are robust across different stock market indices, different measures of downside risk, loss probability levels, and after controlling for macroeconomic variables and volatility over different holding periods as originally proposed by Harrison and Zhang (1999).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The pricing of options and corporate liabilities
Black, F., & Scholes, M. (1973) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260062 · Cited by 29,074
Newey, W. K., & West, K. D. (1987) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913610 · Cited by 16,936
Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests
Fama, E. F., & MacBeth, J. D. (1973) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260061 · Cited by 14,258
A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and AutocorrelationConsistent Covariance Matrix
Newey, W., & West, K. (1986) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/t0055 · Cited by 12,278
Artzner, P., Delbaen, F., Eber, J., & Heath, D. (1999) · Mathematical Finance · doi:10.1111/1467-9965.00068 · Cited by 8,806
An Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model
Merton, R. C. (1973) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913811 · Cited by 6,508
Option pricing when underlying stock returns are discontinuous
Merton, R. C. (1976) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(76)90022-2 · Cited by 5,953
Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals.
Jarque, C. M., & Bera, A. K. (1980) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-1765(80)90024-5 · Cited by 4,338
Expected stock returns and volatility
French, K. R., Schwert, G. W., & Stambaugh, R. F. (1987) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(87)90026-2 · Cited by 4,107
Business conditions and expected returns on stocks and bonds
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1989) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(89)90095-0 · Cited by 3,933
Metadata
- Authors
- Bali, T. G., Demirtas, K. O., & Levy, H.
- Venue
- Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 883-909
- ISSN
- 0022-1090 (ISSN-L)
- 1756-6916
- OpenAlex
- W2097017827
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 39
- FWCI
- 22.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Is There an Intertemporal Relation between Downside Risk and Expected Returns? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0022109009990159
- The paper
- Bali, T. G., Demirtas, K. O., & Levy, H. (2009). Is There an Intertemporal Relation between Downside Risk and Expected Returns? Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009990159
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
