The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The protective role of trait anxiety: a longitudinal cohort study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most research has indicated that neuroticism (or trait anxiety) is associated with only negative outcomes. Such a common, heritable and variable trait is expected to have beneficial as well as detrimental effects. We tested the hypothesis that trait anxiety in childhood reduces the risk of dying from accidental causes in early adult life. METHOD: A longitudinal, population-based, birth cohort study of 4,070 men and women born in the UK in 1946. Trait anxiety as judged by teachers when the participants were 13 and 15 years old, and the neuroticism scale of a Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) when the participants were 16 years old. Outcomes were deaths, deaths from accidents, non-fatal accidents, and non-fatal accidents requiring medical intervention. RESULTS: Adolescents with low trait anxiety had higher rates of accident mortality to age 25 [low anxiety at 13, hazard ratio (HR) 5.9, low anxiety at 15, HR 1.8]. Low trait anxiety in adolescence was associated with decreased non-accidental mortality after age 25 (low anxiety at 13, HR 0; low anxiety at 15, HR 0.7; low neuroticism at 16, HR 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: High trait anxiety measured in adolescence is associated with reduced accidents and accidental death in early adulthood but higher rates of non-accidental mortality in later life.
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“Adolescents with higher levels of trait anxiety, for example, are found to have reduced risk of mortality from accidents in later life [24].”
From Adaptive function and correlates of anxiety during a pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
Citations
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“The finding of increased deaths from causes other than accidents in adults over the age of about 30 is consistent with previous work in this area (McCarron et al. 2003; Wilson et al. 2004).”
BackgroundResultPersonality and Vulnerability to Depression in Stroke Patients
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Stansfeld, S. A., Clark, C., Smuk, M., Gallacher, J., & Babisch, W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14313389
Richmond‐Rakerd, L. S., Milne, B. J., Houts, R., Davie, G. S., D’Souza, S., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Khalifeh, L., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Torvik, F. A. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00553-w
“Evidence is mixed for internalizing conditions, such as anxiety and depression, with some studies concluding that they may predispose young people to unintentional injuries 24,26,28,29 and others concluding that they may be protective 23,30 .”
Metadata
- Authors
- LEE, W. E., WADSWORTH, M. E. J., & HOTOPF, M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- ORCID
- HOTOPF, M.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-01-05
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 345-351
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2032876276
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- trait anxiety, neuroticism, accidental death, accident mortality, non-accidental mortality, adolescence, early adulthood, Maudsley Personality Inventory, birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Population Surveillance, Sampling Studies, Cohort Studies, Observer Variation, Incidence, Sex Distribution
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