CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 105Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major Depression

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The influence of adversity and perceived social support on the outcome of major depressive disorder in subjects with different levels of depressive symptoms

LESKELÄ, ULLA, RYTSÄLÄ, HEIKKI, KOMULAINEN, ERKKI, MELARTIN, TARJA, SOKERO, PETTERI, LESTELÄ-MIELONEN, PAULA, ISOMETSÄ, ERKKI·2006·Psychological Medicine
DOI 10.1017/s0033291706007276
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Adverse life events and social support may influence the outcome of major depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that outcome would depend on the level of depressive symptoms present at the outset, with those in partial remission being particularly vulnerable. METHOD: In the Vantaa Depression Study (VDS), patients with DSM-IV MDD were interviewed at baseline, and at 6 and 18 months. Life events were investigated with the Interview for Recent Life Events (IRLE) and social support with the Interview Measure of Social Relationships (IMSR) and the Perceived Social Support Scale - Revised (PSSS-R). The patients were divided into three subgroups at 6 months, those in full remission (n = 68), partial remission (n = 75) or major depressive episode (MDE) (n = 50). The influence of social support and negative life events during the next 12 months on the level of depressive symptoms, measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), was investigated at endpoint. RESULTS: The severity of life events and perceived social support influenced the outcome of depression overall, even after adjusting for baseline level of depression and neuroticism. In the full remission subgroup, both severity of life events and subjective social support significantly predicted outcome. However, in the partial remission group, only the severity of events, and in the MDE group, the level of social support were significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse life events and/or poor perceived social support influence the medium-term outcome of all psychiatric patients with MDD. These factors appear to have the strongest predictive value in the subgroup of patients currently in full remission.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/s0033291706007276

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 105

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
LESKELÄ, U., RYTSÄLÄ, H., KOMULAINEN, E., MELARTIN, T., SOKERO, P., LESTELÄ-MIELONEN, P., & ISOMETSÄ, E.
Affiliations
  • Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2006-03-28
Volume
36
Issue
6
Pages
779-788
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
DOI
10.1017/s0033291706007276
OpenAlex
W1998231988
Cited by
105
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
FWCI
7.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
major depressive disorder, life events, perceived social support, depressive symptoms, remission, treatment outcomes, negative life events, neuroticism
MeSH terms
Adult, Attitude to Health, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Interview, Psychological, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Periodicity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Remission Induction, Severity of Illness Index, Social Support, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review