The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are thought to be at disproportionate risk of developing mental health comorbidities, with anxiety and depression being considered most prominent amongst these. Yet, no systematic review has been carried out to date to examine rates of both anxiety and depression focusing specifically on adults with ASD. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the rates of anxiety and depression in adults with ASD and the impact of factors such as assessment methods and presence of comorbid intellectual disability (ID) diagnosis on estimated prevalence rates. Electronic database searches for studies published between January 2000 and September 2017 identified a total of 35 studies, including 30 studies measuring anxiety ( n = 26 070; mean age = 30.9, s.d. = 6.2 years) and 29 studies measuring depression ( n = 26 117; mean age = 31.1, s.d. = 6.8 years). The pooled estimation of current and lifetime prevalence for adults with ASD were 27% and 42% for any anxiety disorder, and 23% and 37% for depressive disorder. Further analyses revealed that the use of questionnaire measures and the presence of ID may significantly influence estimates of prevalence. The current literature suffers from a high degree of heterogeneity in study method and an overreliance on clinical samples. These results highlight the importance of community-based studies and the identification and inclusion of well-characterized samples to reduce heterogeneity and bias in estimates of prevalence for comorbidity in adults with ASD and other populations with complex psychiatric presentations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Anxiety is common for autistic people, with a prevalence rate of 42% for autistic adults (Hollocks et al., 2019).”
From A Pilot Randomised Control Trial Exploring the Feasibility and Acceptability of Delivering a Personalised Modular Psychological Intervention for Anxiety Experienced by Autistic Adults: Personalised Anxiety Treatment-Autism (PAT-A) (2024) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“while clinically significant anxiety and depression symptoms were found in a 25 -40% of autistic individuals aged from late adolescence to old age (Hollocks et al ., 2019; Uljarevi´ c et al ., 2019).”
From ACT-i, an insomnia intervention for autistic adults: A pilot study (2023) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The most common mental health challenge for autistic individuals is anxiety [14-16]”
From Autistic Cognition: Charting Routes to Anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition, autistic individuals experience high rates of depression and other co-occurring mental health conditions (e.g. Hollocks et al., 2019).”
From Listening to the autistic voice: Mental health priorities to guide research and practice in autism from a stakeholder-driven project (2020) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As previously mentioned, autism often co-occurs with several additional psychological comorbidities, including suicidality, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders like depression (Cassidy et al., 2018;Hollocks et al., 2019).”
From Rethinking psychological interventions in autism: Toward a neurodiversity‐affirming approach. (2025) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Autistic adults are at greater risk of co-occurring psychiatric disorders, self-harm and suicidal behaviors compared to the general population (Hollocks et al., 2019; Licence et al., 2019; Cassidy et al., 2020; Moseley et al., 2020).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Anxiety disorders commonly occur in autism.”
From Examining a model of anxiety in autistic adults (2024) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and that lifetime prevalence of anxiety (42%) and depression (37%) are remarkably high (Hollocks et al., 2019).”
From A mixed methods study of autistic adults' mental health therapy experiences (2023) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“which is a major problem for a lot of autistic people”
From Autistic Cognition: Charting Routes to Anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found that among autistic adults, the prevalence for current and lifetime co-occurrence of anxiety ranges between 27% and 42% (Hollocks et al., 2019)”
From Differences in anxieties and social networks in a group-matched sample of autistic and typically developing students transitioning to university (2020) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“CI has been linked to flexible problem solving and transition between activities in autistic individuals (Uddin, 2021) and associated with anxiety and depression in autistic youth (Hollocks et al., 2019) and adult general population samples (Gabrys et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2019).”
From Investigating the Effects of Transdiagnostic Processes on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Autistic Young People: the Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation. (2025) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Self-harm and suicidal behaviors are prevalent among autistic adults without intellectual disability (ID).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Hollocks et al., 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318179964f · Cited by 3,399
Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H. (2012) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1359 · Cited by 2,947
McLean, C. P., Asnaani, A., Litz, B. T., & Hofmann, S. G. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006 · Cited by 2,519
Barendregt, J. J., Doi, S. A., Lee, Y. Y., Norman, R. E., & Vos, T. (2013) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203104 · Cited by 2,169
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_179754 · Cited by 2,095
Armijo‐Olivo, S., Stiles, C. R., Hagen, N. A., Biondo, P. D., & Cummings, G. G. (2012) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01516.x · Cited by 1,539
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Total Population Sample
Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B. L., Koh, Y.-J., Fombonne, E., Laska, E., Lim, E.-C., Cheon, K.-A., Kim, S.-J., Kim, Y.-K., Lee, H., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101532 · Cited by 1,524
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 10.1017/S0955603600003160 · DOI
- Ghaziuddin, 2008, Psychiatric comorbidity of adults with autism spectrum disorders, Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 5, 9
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 987
Trait and state mathematics anxiety in autistic and non-autistic school-aged boys
Lievore, R., & Mammarella, I. C. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241299881 · Cited by 7
Gaggero, G., Brunellière, A., Gigliotti, M. F., Mardi, W. E., Berthoz, S., Nandrino, J., Doba, K., & Grynberg, D. (2025) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.1328 · Cited by 4
Vogel, E. A., Romm, K. F., McMaughan, D., LoParco, C. R., Bhanot, P., Cavazos‐Rehg, P. A., Szlyk, H. S., Kasson, E. M., & Berg, C. J. (2025) · Substance Use & Addiction Journal · doi:10.1177/29767342251338946 · Cited by 4
Ding, X., Luo, H.-S., Zhang, J., Yang, H., Fan, Y., Wu, J., & Wu, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1660412 · Cited by 4
Wang, Y., Lv, R., Jiang, Z. H. E. N. G. M., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Liu, Y., Zheng, Y., Liu, B., Clauw, D., et al. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03542-2 · Cited by 8
Richards, G., Kelly, S., Johnson, D., & Galvin, J. (2023) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2023.112287 · Cited by 4
Balser, S., DiPierro, G., Chaikin, C. D., Obeid, R., Berg, K. A., & Ishler, K. J. (2023) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102283 · Cited by 4
Moore, H. L., Freeston, M. H., Rodgers, J., & Cassidy, S. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06260-2 · Cited by 5
McKeon, H. E., Cotton, L., Aldridge, R., Cape, A., Clout, M., Cooper, K., Dagnan, D., Dawn, E., Frost, J., Georgakopoulou, A., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084729 · Cited by 4
Developing Therapeutically Attuned Relationships with Autistic Children and Their Caregivers
Bernhard, F. B., Howell, D., & Bray, L. M. P. (2024) · Occupational Therapy In Health Care · doi:10.1080/07380577.2024.2437554 · Cited by 4
Dickter, C. L., Chang, I., Burk, J. A., Bravo, A. J., & Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team (2025) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2024.2447435 · Cited by 6
Cagiano, R., Mancini, A., Berni, M., Maccarrone, F., Arena, B., Cosenza, A., Pecini, C., Igliozzi, R., Calderoni, S., & Tancredi, R. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15020187 · Cited by 4
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Autistic and Non-autistic College Students: A Brief Report
Aragon-Guevara, D., Mattson, J. G., & Kim, H. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06876-y · Cited by 4
Hollocks, M. J., McQuaid, G. A., Lee, N., & Wallace, G. L. (2025) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.70061 · Cited by 4
Self-citationRoozbeh adult autism spectrum disorder clinic: lessons learned from first 34 cases
Alaghband‐Rad, J., Jamaloo, S., & Motamed, M. (2020) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2020.1855691 · Cited by 4
Falter‐Wagner, C. M., Bloch, C., Burghof, L., Lehnhardt, F., & Vogeley, K. T. (2022) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-022-00510-9 · Cited by 5
Psychopathologies Associated with ASD: Anxiety, OCD, Depression, and ADHD
Braconnier, M. L., Garza, I., & Moskowitz, L. J. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_2 · Cited by 4
Maroney, M. R., Levitt, H. M., & Horne, S. G. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06027-1 · Cited by 4
School Experiences and Anxiety Trajectories Among Youth with Intellectual Disabilities
Dubé, C., Morin, A. J. S., Olivier, É., Gilbert, W., Tracey, D., Craven, R. G., & Maïano, C. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06127-y · Cited by 4
Cray, J., Hull, L., & Sedgewick, F. (2024) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330241237882 · Cited by 4
Mingins, J. E., Tarver, J., Pearson, E., Edwards, G., Bird, M. O., Crawford, H., Oliver, C., Shelley, L., & Waite, J. (2024) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-024-09554-9 · Cited by 6
Bitsika, V., Sharpley, C. F., Evans, I. D., Watson, C. B., Williams, R. J., & Vessey, K. A. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15010040 · Cited by 4
Sherwell, C. S., Varley, D., Kinnane, C., Turner, W. A., Zimmerman, D., & Kirby, J. N. (2025) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-024-09681-y · Cited by 7
Fusar‐Poli, L., Bisso, E., Concas, I., Surace, T., Tinacci, S., Vanella, A., Furnari, R., Signorelli, M. S., Nylander, L., & Aguglia, E. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101668 · Cited by 4
Kajitani, K., Tsuchimoto, R., Omodaka, Y., Matsushita, T., Fukumori, H., Sato, T., & Nagano, J. (2021) · Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.1155/2021/1661617 · Cited by 3
Mallory, P. J., & Hampshire, P. K. (2021) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2021.2016570 · Cited by 4
Landry, L. N., Clayton, R. J., Mcneel, M. M., Guzick, A., Berry, L. N., Schneider, S. C., & Storch, E. A. (2022) · Clinical Guide to Exposure Therapy · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04927-9_6 · Cited by 5
Norris, L. A., Rabner, J. C., Storch, E. A., Wood, J. J., Kerns, C. M., Lewin, A. B., Small, B. J., & Kendall, P. C. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05716-7 · Cited by 5
Cox, M., Urban, J. B., Lich, K. H., Wells, R. S., Lawrence, C., & Kwaja, N. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-022-00898-6 · Cited by 4
Wang, M., Schuck, R. K., & Baiden, K. M. P. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.108124 · Cited by 4
Fittipaldi, S., Armony, J. L., Migeot, J., Cadaveira, M., Ibáñez, A. M., & Báez, S. (2023) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15911 · Cited by 4
McClain, M. B., Golson, M. E., Haverkamp, C. R., Harris, B., Ficklin, E., Schwartz, S., & Wynn, C. J. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05840-4 · Cited by 5
Sarro, R. D., Varrucciu, N., Santantonio, A. D., Natali, F., Kaleci, S., Bianco, A., Cappai, M., Lucchi, F., & Bertelli, M. O. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2023.2172396 · Cited by 4
Transtorno do espectro autista e envelhecimento: uma revisão narrativa
Lin, J., Gaiato, M. H. B., Zotesso, M. C., Silveira, R. D. R., & Ferreira, L. (2023) · Revista Remecs - Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudos Científicos em Saúde · doi:10.24281/rremecs2023.8.14.3-11 · Cited by 6
Wang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Education Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.54097/ehss.v22i.12415 · Cited by 4
Autism Beyond Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention
Rosales, R., Hirst, E. S. J., Garcia, Y. A., & Rehfeldt, R. (2019) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-019-00134-w · Cited by 3
Which autistic traits are related to depressive symptoms in Japanese workers?
Suzuki, T., Miyaki, K., & Tsutsumi, A. (2020) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2019-0206 · Cited by 5
Comportamiento suicida en el trastorno del espectro autista
Baños-Chaparro, J. (2021) · Revista Española de Discapacidad · doi:10.5569/2340-5104.09.01.16 · Cited by 4
Parenting Differences in Families With and Without Children on the Autism Spectrum
Yaffe, Y. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40858-8_454-1 · Cited by 4
Marco, D. D., DClinPsy, P. W., & Troop, N. (2025) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12902 · Cited by 3
Simonoff, E. A., Baird, G., Beresford, B., Charman, T., Knapp, M. R. J., Pickles, A. R., Povey, C., Purser, T., Santosh, P., Slonims, V., et al. (2025) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/yrkp9867 · Cited by 4
Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Among Self-Medicating Autistic Adults
Papadopoulos, C., Adkin, T., Munday, K., & Gray-Hammond, D. (2025) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330251344453 · Cited by 3
Hickman, L., & Cook, J. L. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106261 · Cited by 3
Pathways to autism diagnosis in adulthood
Dufour, I., Chiu, Y. M., Brodeur, S., Courteau, M., Courteau, J., Dubé, E., LESAGE, A. D., Fombonne, E. J., & Couture, M. M. (2025) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-025-09627-3 · Cited by 4
Kennedy, R. A., Archibald, D., Bury, S. M., Southby, A., Shrestha, R., Hedley, D., Taylor, N. F., Hawke, L. J., McKeown, G., & Shields, N. (2025) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2024.0317 · Cited by 3
Gikovate, C. G., & Féres‐Carneiro, T. (2025) · Revista Psicopatologia Fenomenológica Contemporânea · doi:10.37067/rpfc.v14i1.1177 · Cited by 3
Saito, S., Taniguchi, G., Kato, H., Nakata, C., & Kuramochi, I. (2025) · Epilepsy & Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100810 · Cited by 3
A Systematic Review of Autistic Adults' Experiences of Anxiety From a Qualitative Perspective.
Silva, A. B. D., Berry, E., Craig, S., & Doumas, M. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-07025-1 · Cited by 2
Parent-Reported Indicators of Depression in Non- and Minimally Speaking Adults With Autism
Wilkinson, E. H., Pai, K., Hastings, R. P., Jahoda, A. J., & Bal, V. H. (2026) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/19447515.2025.2578980 · Cited by 3
Knudsen, L. V., Vafaee, M. S., Sheldrick, A. J., & Michel, T. M. (2026) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-025-03093-w · Cited by 3
Liu, C.-H., Chen, Y.-L., Ai, W., Ni, H., & Lai, M. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-026-01044-1 · Cited by 3
Zhang, L., 宋文坤, Gao, H., & Li, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1761833 · Cited by 3
French, B., Newell, V., Nalbant, G., Wright, H., Daley, D., & Cassidy, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1702822 · Cited by 4
Skelton, M., Mitchell, B. L., Assary, E., Li, D., Morneau‐Vaillancourt, G., Murphy, A. E., ter Kuile, A., Wang, R., Adams, M. J., Byrne, E. M., et al. (2026) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02476-7 · Cited by 4
Oakley, B. F. M., Boatman, C. A., Doswell, S., Dittner, A. J., Clarke, A. D., Ozsivadjian, A., Kent, R., Judd, A., Baldoza, S. M., Hearn, A., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286792 · Cited by 3
Patterns in Medication Use for Treatment of Depression in Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Argonis, R. A., Pedapati, E. V., Dominick, K. C., Harris, K., Lamy, M., Fosdick, C., Schmitt, L., Shaffer, R. C., Smith, E. G., Will, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06126-z · Cited by 3
The role of physical activity in animal-assisted interventions for autism: A systematic review
Sylvia, A.-M., Alhassan, S., & Potter, K. (2024) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330241249880 · Cited by 3
Are autistic traits associated with a social-emotional memory bias?
Wardell, V., Stewardson, C. I., Hunsche, M. C., Chen, F. S., Rights, J. D., Palombo, D. J., & Kerns, C. M. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104578 · Cited by 4
Prosopagnosia is highly comorbid in individuals with probable developmental coordination disorder
Maw, K., Beattie, G. W., & Burns, E. J. (2024) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218241275977 · Cited by 6
McMorris, C. A., Turner, K., Johnston, K., Clark, C. A., Howe, S. J., McConnell, M., & McFee, K. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102463 · Cited by 4
Whelan, S., Keegan, B., Moffit, L., Cripps, C., Curtin, A., Barton, A., Mannion, A., Leader, G., & Coyne, R. (2024) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-024-00476-9 · Cited by 2
Mazurek, M. O., Pappagianopoulos, J. E., Brunt, S., Menezes, M., Smith, J. V., & Howard, M. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06643-5 · Cited by 3
Differences in ongoing thought between autistic and non-autistic adults
Strawson, W., Mckeown, B., Quadt, L., Wang, H.-T., Larsson, D. E. O., Mulcahy, J., Silva, M., Kampoureli, C. N., Turnbull, A. G., Garfinkel, S. N., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78286-6 · Cited by 3
Jassim, N., McCoy, B., Yip, E. W.-C., Allison, C. L., Baron‐Cohen, S., & Lawson, R. P. (2025) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-025-00654-4 · Cited by 5
Boulton, K., Hankin, L., Hodge, M. A., Ong, N., Silove, N., & Guastella, A. J. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251325287 · Cited by 5
A Systematic Literature Review of Autistic Adolescents’ Understanding and Experiences of Belonging
Gies, L. M., Duncan, A. W., Stough, C. C. O., Jacquez, F., Clark, N. I., & Wade, S. L. (2025) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-025-00504-2 · Cited by 4
Taylor, J. L., DaWalt, L. S., Burke, M. M., Xu, M., & Slaughter, J. C. (2025) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.70036 · Cited by 3
Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Sakr, F., Alhuwailah, A., Chaibi, L. S., Helmy, M. S., Shuwiekh, H. A. M., Boudouda, N. E., Zarrouq, B., Naser, A. Y., Jebreen, K., et al. (2025) · Journal of Public Health Research · doi:10.1177/22799036251377610 · Cited by 3
Test Anxiety in Autistic University Students—Preliminary Results from a German-Speaking Sample
Zavery, A., Zäch, M., & Bertrams, A. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11030390 · Cited by 3
Engrailed 2 deficiency and chronic stress alter avoidance and motivation behaviors
Phan, M. L., Liu, T. T., Vollbrecht, M. S., Mansour, M. H., Nikodijevic, I., Jadav, N., Patibanda, N., Dang, J., Shekaran, G., Reisler, R. C., et al. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113466 · Cited by 3
Applied Behavior Analysis: An Overview of ABA-Based Autism Services for Adults
Rodriguez, K. A., Foreman, S. E., & Davis, K. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98507-3_14 · Cited by 4
Low intensity interventions for autistic children and young people
Libsack, E. J., McNair, M. L., Giacomantonio, J., Felsman, P., & Lerner, M. D. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780198867791.003.0015 · Cited by 3
Kilanko, A., Obi-Azuike, C., Adaralegbe, N., Eze-Njoku, C., Urhi, A., Agbor, C., Ayisire, O. E., Eche, V. C., Soomro, F. M., Kaur, G., et al. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.30093 · Cited by 4
Comorbidades Psiquiátricas no Transtorno do Espectro Autista: Um Artigo de Revisão
Ronzani, L. D., Lin, J. H. X., Netto, B. B., da Costa, M. D. A., de Rezende, V. L., & Gonçalves, C. L. (2021) · Boletim do Curso de Medicina da UFSC · doi:10.32963/bcmufsc.v7i3.4827 · Cited by 11
Profile of intellectual abilities and personality traits in adults with high-functioning autism
Kozunova, G. L., Novikov, A. Y., & Chernyshev, B. (2023) · National Psychological Journal · doi:10.11621/npj.2023.0102 · Cited by 3
Chang, H.-W., Hsu, M., Chien, L., Chi, N., Yu, M., Chen, H.-C., Lin, Y., & Hu, C. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12212546 · Cited by 3
Corney, R. C., Nevill, R. E. A., & Mazurek, M. O. (2023) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-023-00373-y · Cited by 3
Allman, M. E., Kerr, S., Roldan, C. I., Harris, G. M., & Harris, G. E. (2024) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-02-2024-0013 · Cited by 4
Quon, A. C., McClellan, L., & Ailey, S. H. (2024) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2024.2419834 · Cited by 3
Autism spectrum condition: an update for dental practitioners - Part 1
Lee, R. S. C., & Clough, S. (2024) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/s41415-024-8065-5 · Cited by 3
Suicidality in Autistic Adolescents and Adults: Sleep the Unexplored Connection?
Richdale, A. L., Morris, E. M. J., & Lawson, L. P. (2025) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3306 · Cited by 4
Li, D., Tsai, S., Chen, T., Kao, Y., Liang, C., & Chen, M. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.04.071 · Cited by 3
Depressive symptoms in workers with high autistic trait scores according to job stress type
Suzuki, T., Wada, K., Nakazato, M., Ohtani, T., YOSHINAGA, Y., Muzembo, B. A., Khatiwada, J., Choomplang, N., Garidkhuu, A., & Ikeda, S. (2022) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2021-0253 · Cited by 4
Effect of Multivoice Chorus on Interpersonal Communication Disorder
Lei, H. (2022) · Occupational Therapy International · doi:10.1155/2022/6124778 · Cited by 4
RetractedGreydanus, D. E., Patel, D. R., & Rowland, D. C. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820472-6.00085-2 · Cited by 3
Williams, Z. J., & Gotham, K. O. (2021) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-021-00446-6 · Cited by 3
RetractedMcQuaid, G. A., Sadowski, L. Y., Lee, N., & Wallace, G. L. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/q375t · Cited by 3
Social Media Shaping Autism Perception and IdentityPreprint
Skafle, I., Nordahl‐Hansen, A., & Gabarrón, E. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/emn5u · Cited by 3
Komoróczy, E., Sörnyei, D., Vass, Á., Szuromi, B., Vizin, G., Réthelyi, J., & Farkas, K. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.07.12.24310324 · Cited by 2
Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Psychosocial Issues Later in Life
Zoccante, L., Antolini, G., Passarella, L., Puttini, E., Rizzo, V., & Colizzi, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97906-5_7 · Cited by 2
Exploring the Feasibility of Social Skills Programs for Autistic Youth Through Virtual Reality
Kim, S., Johnson, A. R., Wolpe, S. M., & Volodina, E. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06571-4 · Cited by 2
van den Heuvel, R. M., Teunisse, J., Radhoe, T. A., van der Putten, W., Torenvliet, C., Wen, S., Wensing, M., & Geurts, H. M. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06722-1 · Cited by 2
Alves, T., Butterfield, K. M., & Desrocher, M. E. (2025) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330251339563 · Cited by 2
Khan, T., Cherkas, K., & Francis, N. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1602205 · Cited by 2
Lampinen, L. A., Ederer, J. E., & Bal, V. H. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06988-5 · Cited by 2
Latent trajectories in autistic individuals: A systematic review
Hiralal, K. R., Dieleman, G. C., Kok, B. R., Diederen, L. D., Duman, R. P., Hillegers, M. H. J., & Mous, S. E. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251370818 · Cited by 3
The relationships between anxiety, psychotic-like experiences and autism: a systematic review
Rowe, M., Shergill, S. S., & Maitra, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1549886 · Cited by 4
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Palmer, M. L., Griffiths, K., Wyatt, A., Danese, A., Chandler, S., Stahl, D. R., Lukito, S., Pavlopoulou, G., Simonoff, E. A., et al. (2025) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.70052 · Cited by 2
Kong, H., Xie, J., Dou, F., Li, X., Wang, X., & Huang, Y. (2025) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2025.2587969 · Cited by 3
The relationship between newspaper reading preferences and attitudes towards autism
Dickinson, M., & Karaminis, T. N. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251394523 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollocks, M. J., Lerh, J. W., Magiati, I., Meiser-Stedman, R., & Brugha, T. S.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hollocks, Matthew J
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2018-09-04
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 559-572
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2889987209
- Cited by
- 988
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 138 · 2025: 158 · 2024: 155 · 2023: 150 · 2022: 141 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 8.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, comorbidities, prevalence, autistic adults, intellectual disability, psychiatric comorbidity, questionnaire measures, community-based study
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Risk Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
