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BRIEF COMMUNICATION Parasuicide, depression and the anticipation of positive and negative future experiences
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that parasuicides' view of the future is characterized by an absence of anticipation of positive experiences rather than the presence of anticipation of negative experiences. The present study aimed to replicate this finding and examine whether it would also be found in parasuicides who were not depressed. METHOD: Depressed parasuicides (N = 27), non-depressed parasuicides (N = 17) and matched controls (N = 34) were assessed on their anticipation of future positive and negative experiences using an adapted fluency paradigm, where they were given a set time to generate future positive and negative anticipated experiences. RESULTS: Consistent with previous findings, parasuicides showed an overall reduced anticipation of positive experiences and no overall increased anticipation of negative experiences. However, the parasuicides did show evidence of increased negative anticipation for the immediate future. The results for depressed and non-depressed parasuicides were essentially the same. CONCLUSION: Lack of positive anticipation in the absence of increased negative anticipation is a feature of parasuicide. Although this lack of positive anticipation can occur in depression, it appears to be an independent feature of parasuicide.
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“Reasons for living [46], attainable positive future thinking [47,48], adaptive goal pursuit [49], belongingness [12] or connectedness [50] are MMs as they are thought to buffer against the emergence of suicidal ideation and intent”
From The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour (2018) · cites this paper as [47]
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Metadata
- Authors
- MacLEOD, A. K., PANKHANIA, B., LEE, M., & MITCHELL, D.
- Affiliations
- Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
- ORCID
- MacLEOD, A. K.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1997-07
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 973-977
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W56376859
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Keywords
- parasuicide, depression, replication
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Suicide, Attempted, Thinking, Case-Control Studies, Self-Injurious Behavior
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