The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Children's orthographic representations and linguistic transparency: Nonsense word reading in English, French, and Spanish
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to compare the development of orthographic representations in children learning to read English, French, or Spanish. Nonsense words that shared both orthography and phonology at the level of the rhyme with real words (cake-dake, comic-bomic), phonology only (cake-daik, comic-bommick), or neither (faish, ricop) were created for each orthography. Experiment I compared English and French children's reading of nonsense words that shared rhyme orthography with real words (dake) with those that did not (daik). Significant facilitation was found for shared rhymes in English, with reduced effects in French. Experiment 2 compared English and French children's reading of nonsense words that shared rhyme phonology with real words (daik) with those that did not (faish). Significant facilitation for shared rhyme phonology was found in both languages. Experiment 3 compared English, French, and Spanish children's reading of nonsense words (dake vs. faish) and found a significant facilitatory effect of orthographic and phonological familiarity for each language. The size of the familiarity effect, however, was much greater in the less transparent orthographies (English and French). These results are interpreted in terms of the level of phonology that is represented in the orthographic recognition units being developed by children who are learning to read more and less transparent orthographies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Spanish children are able to read more of a sample of eight monosyllabic and eight disyllabic words in their language than are matched French or English children (Goswami, Gombert, & de Barrera, 1998).”
From FREQUENCY EFFECTS IN LANGUAGE PROCESSING: A Review with Implications for Theories of Implicit and Explicit Language Acquisition (2002) · cites this paper as Goswami, Gombert, & de Barrera, 1998
Citations
Cites
A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming.
Seidenberg, M. S., & McClelland, J. L. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.523 · Cited by 3,909
Categorizing sounds and learning to read—a causal connection
Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/301419a0 · Cited by 3,093
Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains.
Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S., & Patterson, K. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.1.56 · Cited by 2,698
Bergum, B. O., & Dornič, S. (1978) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421701 · Cited by 1,778
Hatcher, P. J., Hulme, C., & Ellis, A. W. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00733.x · Cited by 729
Lundberg, I., Olofsson, Å., & Wall, S. (1980) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00356.x · Cited by 605
Orthography, Phonology, Morphology, and Meaning
(1992) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)x6111-4 · Cited by 602
The special role of rimes in the description, use, and acquisition of English orthography.
Treiman, R., Mullennix, J., Bijeljac-Babic, R., & Richmond-Welty, E. D. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.107 · Cited by 556
The special role of rimes in the description, use, and acquisition of English orthography.
Rebecca Treiman, A., Mullennix, J. W., Bijeljac-Babic, R., & Richmond-Welty, E. D. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.124.2.107 · Cited by 556
Frequency and neighborhood effects on lexical access: Activation or search?
Andrews, S. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.15.5.802 · Cited by 468
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Naslund, Reading and spelling: Development and disorder
- 10.2307/1131156 · DOI
- Ehri, 1992, Reading acquisition, 107
- Gombert, 1992, Metalinguistic Development
- Perfetti, 1992, Reading acquisition, 145
- Wimmer, 1995, From the perspective of a more regular orthography, Issues in Education, I, 101
- 10.2307/1131364 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–322 of 322
Park, S. M. (2014) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Turk, R. (2019) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)
Evidenze, miti e prassi didattiche: il caso dell’insegnamento della lettura nella scuola italiana
Calvani, A., Damiani, P., & Ventriglia, L. (2021) · Journal of Educational Cultural and Psychological Studies (ECPS Journal) · doi:10.7358/ecps-2021-024-calv
(2009) · Presses universitaires de Rennes eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.pur.60566
Sprenger-Charolles, L., & Colé, P. (2013) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.spren.2013.01.0277
Disleksija u različitim jezicima s obzirom na pismo i ortografsku transparentnost
Kuna, Z. (2022) · Logopedija · doi:10.31299/log.11.2.4
Reading strategies of bilingual normally progressing and dyslexic readers in Hindi and English
Gupta, A., & Jamal, G. (2007) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716407070038
Wang, C., Flemming, K., Cortiana, G., Putkinen, V., Lammert, J. M., Rafat, Y., Tao, S., & Joanisse, M. F. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108449
McBride, C. A., & Mohseni, F. (2023) · Studies in bilingualism · doi:10.1075/sibil.64.04mcb
Writing Systems and Global Literacy Development
Perfetti, C. A., & Verhoeven, L. T. W. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009242585.011
The effect of different bilingual experiences on attentional control ability
Wang, C., Flemming, K., Cortiana, G., Lammert, J. M., Rafat, Y., Tao, S., & Joanisse, M. F. (2025) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/13670069251335394
Biliteracy for bilingual children with reading impairment
Macdonald, D., Hipfner-Boucher, K., & Chen, X. (2025) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2025.2546430
Success Stories on the Impact of New Learning Environments on Refugee Students’ Writing Skills
Semercioğlu, M. S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00741-4_3
Strid, J. E. (2006) · ProQuest Information and Learning eBooks
Learning to read : new remediation strategies and underlying cognitive mechanisms
Andreola, C. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5c762d33zbc28z4a74zb9daz2e6c21738de6
English + Spanish speech development
Goldstein, B. A., & Prezas, R. F. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191964909.003.0032
Metadata
- Authors
- Goswami, U., Gombert, J. E., & de Barrera, L. F.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Goswami, Usha
- ORCID
- Goswami, Usha
- Venue
- Applied Psycholinguistics
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1998-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-52
- ISSN
- 0142-7164 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1817
- OpenAlex
- W1994229501
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Psycholinguistics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- Keywords
- orthographic representation, linguistic transparency, children's reading development, English language, French language, Spanish language, cross-linguistic comparison
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review