CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 79Paleontology and Evolutionary BiologyEvolution and Paleontology StudiesFish Biology and Ecology Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Rhizodont crossopterygian fish from the Dinantian of Foulden, Berwickshire, Scotland, with a re-evaluation of this group

Andrews, S. M.·1985·Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences
DOI 10.1017/s0263593300010324
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Material of crossopterygian fishes from Foulden, Berwickshire, is important in including the first known entire specimen giving a clear picture of the body form of the Family Rhizodontidae (sensu Andrews 1973). This group is specialised in having numerous subsidiary lateral lines on the body, a ventrally expanded shoulder girdle, fins with peculiar stiffened structure, the pectorals forming greatly enlarged paddles and other fins being reduced in size. The Foulden remains fall into large and small size-ranges occurring largely at different levels in the sequence, but although these may represent growth in one taxon the available parts of the body are mostly complementary. Separate preliminary descriptions of the two size-ranges are therefore given, the small complete form being named?Strepsodus anculonamensis sp. nov., and the large form remaining unnamed pending further study. An abridged historical account of previously named rhizodont genera (Rhizodus, Strepsodus, Sauripterus and Pycnoctenion) is given in order to explain why the new Foulden form(s) cannot at present be generically assigned more closely. A revised diagnosis of the Family Rhizodontidae leads to a discussion of the functional morphology and mode of life of fish of this type. Analogies with modern forms indicate that, like some sharks and crocodiles, they may have fed by tearing flesh off large prey, rotating or shaking against its inertia. Ways in which variously shaped rhizodont teeth (recurved, sigmoid etc.) may have functioned are suggested. Addenda deal with (1) the possible occurrence at Foulden of a large lungfish and (2) (after considering primitive and advanced rhizodont features) the renaming of Rhizodus ornatus Traquair 1878 from higher in the Scottish lower Carboniferous, as the type of a new genus,Screbinodus.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/s0263593300010324

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • At their distal tips, rays were likely branching, similar to other rhizodontids.

    “At their distal tips, rays can be segmented (33) and were likely branching, similar to other rhizodontids (29).”

    From Fin ray patterns at the fin-to-limb transition (2020) · cites this paper as [29]

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 83

  1. 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1866.022.01-02.56 · DOI
  2. 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1866.022.01-02.23 · DOI
  3. 10.24199/j.mmv.1906.1.01 · DOI
  4. 10.1017/S0263593300010221 · DOI
  5. 10.1017/S008045680001632X · DOI
  6. Ward, 1890, The geological features of the North Staffordshire coal-fields, TRANS NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE INST MIN MECH ENG, 10, 1
  7. 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1927.083.01-05.31 · DOI
  8. Vorobjeva, 1977, In Ocherki po filogenii i sistematike iskopayemych ryb i beschelyustnych, 162
  9. Ure, History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride
  10. 10.1017/S0080456800034761 · DOI
  11. Traquair, 1897, Additional notes on the fossil fishes of the Upper Old Red Sandstone of the Moray Firth area, PROC R PHYS SOC EDINBURGH, 13, 376
  12. 10.1017/S0370164600007057 · DOI
  13. Traquair, 1884, Remarks on the genus Megalichthys (Agassiz), with description of a new species, PROC R PHYS SOC EDINBURGH, 8, 67
  14. 10.1017/S0016756800172991 · DOI
  15. Ward, 1875, On the organic remains of the Coal Measures of North Staffordshire, their range and distribution, with a catalogue of the fossils and their mode of occurrence, NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE NAT FIELD CLUB, 1875, 184
  16. 10.1080/00222937708682144 · DOI
  17. 10.1111/j.2151-6952.1959.tb00514.x · DOI
  18. 10.5962/bhl.part.9659 · DOI
  19. 10.1144/transed.4.1.38 · DOI
  20. Stensiö, 1925, Note on the caudal fin of Eusthenopteron, ARK ZOOL, 17B, 1
  21. 10.1144/transed.2.1.137 · DOI
  22. Sedgwick, 1855, A synopsis of the classification of the British Palaeozoic rocks, with a systematic description of British Palaeozoic fossils
  23. Schultze, 1969, Die Faltenzähne der rhipidistiiden Crossopterygier, der tetrapoden und der actinopterygier-Gattung Lepisosteus; nebst einer Beschreibung der Zahnstruktur von Onychodus (struniiformer Crossopterygier), PALAEONTOGR ITAL, 65, 59
  24. Rieppel, 1979, A functional interpretation of the varanid dentition (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Varanidae), GEGENBAURS MORPHOL JAHRB, 125, 797
  25. Paton, 1975, A catalogue of fossil vertebrates in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Part four, Amphibia and Reptilia, R SCOTT MUS INF SER GEOL, 5
  26. 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1970.tb00828.x · DOI
  27. Melville, 1970, Megalichthys Agassiz, 1835, and Rhizodus Owen, 1840 (Pisces): preserved under the plenary powers in their accustomed usage, BULL ZOOL NOMENCL, 27, 97
  28. Lankester, 1884, Report on fragments of fossil fishes from the Palaeozoic strata of Spitzbergen, K SVEN VETENSKAPSAKAD HANDL, 20, 1
  29. Jessen, 1966, Die Crossopterygier des oberen Plattenkalkes (Devon) der Bergisch-Gladbach-Paffrather Mulde (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) unter Berücksichtigung von amerikanischem und europäischem Onychodus-matenal, ARK ZOOL, 18, 305
  30. Jarvik, 1980, Basic structure and evolution of vertebrates, 2
  31. 10.1080/00222937508681073 · DOI
  32. Thomson, 1964, Revised generic diagnoses of the fossil fishes Megalichthys and Ectosteorhachis (Family Osteolepidae), BULL MUS COMP ZOOL HARVARD, 131, 283
  33. 10.1144/transglas.2.1.38 · DOI
  34. 10.5962/bhl.title.38560 · DOI
  35. 10.1093/icb/1.2.183 · DOI
  36. 10.1017/S0080456800022250 · DOI
  37. 10.5962/bhl.part.15415 · DOI
  38. Owen, 1840, Odontography
  39. 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1961.tb00220.x · DOI
  40. 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1875.031.01-04.47 · DOI
  41. Jarvik, 1937, On the species of Eusthenopteron found in Russia and the Baltic States, BULL GEOL INST UNIV UPSALA, 27, 63
  42. Lyon, 1871, On a new species of Rhizodus, TRANS EDINBURGH GEOL SOC, 2, 125
  43. Jarvik, 1959, Dermal fin-rays and Holmgren's principle of delamination, K SVEN VETENSKAPSAKAD HANDL, 6, 1
  44. Woodward, 1891, Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum (Natural History) Part II
  45. Andrews, 1973, Interrelationships of crossopterygians, ZOOL J LINN SOC, 53, 137
  46. 10.5962/bhl.title.36097 · DOI
  47. Chabakov, 1927, O kisteperych iz russkogo karbona, IZV GEOL KOM, 46, 299
  48. 10.1098/rstb.1975.0002 · DOI
  49. Forey, 1981, The coelacanth Rhabdoderma in the Carboniferous of the British Isles, PALAEONTOLOGY, 24, 203
  50. Geikie, 1864, The geology of eastern Berwickshire, MEM GEOL SURV SCOTLAND, 34
  51. 10.1098/rstb.1977.0096 · DOI
  52. 10.1098/rstb.1972.0002 · DOI
  53. 10.1080/00222936808695712 · DOI
  54. 10.1017/S0370164600033307 · DOI
  55. 10.5962/bhl.title.4275 · DOI
  56. Jarvik, 1968, The systematic position of the Dipnoi, NOBEL SYMP, 4, 223
  57. Portlock, 1843, Report on the geology of Londonderry, and of parts of Tyrone and Fermanagh
  58. 10.1017/S008045680002901X · DOI
  59. Andrews, 1972, Studies in vertebrate evolution, 35
  60. 10.1017/S008045680001471X · DOI · Paper page
  61. Jarvik, 1952, On the fish-like tail in the ichthyostegid stegocephalians, with descriptions of a new stegocephalian anda new crossopterygian from the Upper Devonian of East Greenland, MEDD GRØNLAND, 114, 1
  62. Andrews, 1982, The discovery of fossil fishes in Scotland up to 1845, with checklists of Agassiz's figured specimens, 10.1163/9789004632035 · DOI
  63. 10.1002/jmor.1051180206 · DOI
  64. Jarvik, 1944, On the dermal bones, sensory canals and pit-lines of the skull in Eusthenopteron foordi Whiteaves, with some remarks on E. säve-söderberghi Jarvik, K SVEN VETENSKAPSAKAD HANDL, 21, 3
  65. Gregory, 1935, Further observations on the pectoral girdle and fin of Sauripterus taylori Hall, a crossopterygian fish from the Upper Devonian of Pennsylvania, with special reference to the origin of the pentadactylate extremities of Tetrapoda, PROC AM PHILOS SOC, 75, 673
  66. Alexander, 1967, Functional design in fishes
  67. Andrews, 1977, The axial skeleton of the coelacanth, Latimeria, LINN SOC SYMP SER, 4, 271
  68. 10.1080/00222937108696323 · DOI
  69. 10.1017/S0080456800014800 · DOI
  70. Baird, 1962, A haplolepid fish fauna in the early Pennsylvanian of Nova Scotia, PALAEONTOLOGY, 5, 22
  71. Hall, 1843, Natural history of New York. Part IV Geology comprising the survey of the fourth geological district
  72. Barkas, 1873, Illustrated guide to the fish, amphibian, reptilian and supposed mammalian remains of the Northumberland Carboniferous strata
  73. 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1967.tb00505.x · DOI
  74. Berg, 1958, System der rezenten und fossilen Fischartigen und Fische
  75. Binney, 1841, On the fossil fishes of the Pendleton coal field, TRANS MANCHESTER GEOL SOC, 1, 153
  76. Burdak, 1979, Funktsional'naya morfologiya cheshuynogo pokrova ryb
  77. Lindley, 1831, Fossil flora of Great Britain, 1
  78. 10.1017/S0263593300010300 · DOI
  79. Francis, 1983, Geology of Scotland, 253
  80. 10.1098/rstb.1926.0006 · DOI
  81. Frey, 1982, Ecology, locomotion and tail muscle anatomy of crocodiles, NEUES JAHRB GEOL PALAONT MONATSH, 1982, 194, 10.1127/njgpa/164/1982/194 · DOI
  82. 10.1080/00222937008696151 · DOI
  83. Huxley, 1861, Preliminary essay upon the systematic arrangement of the fishes of the Devonian epoch, MEM GEOL SURV U K, 10, 1

Cited by

Sorted by citations

  • Fin ray patterns at the fin-to-limb transition

    Stewart, T. A., Lemberg, J. B., Taft, N. K., Yoo, I., Daeschler, E. B., & Shubin, N. H. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1915983117 · Cited by 40

    “For example, rhizodontids have a long unsegmented proximal region that spans most of the ray ’ s length (29, 30), and rays of the osteolepid Gogonasus andrewsae have distinctive perforations and cross-sectional geometry (31).”

Metadata

Authors
Andrews, S. M.
Corresponding author
Andrews, S. M.
Venue
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1985
Volume
76
Issue
1
Pages
67-95
ISSN
  • 0263-5933 (ISSN-L)
  • 1473-7116
DOI
10.1017/s0263593300010324
OpenAlex
W2110539808
Cited by
79
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI
4.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 9802 d)
Locations
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Keywords
Dinantian, Carboniferous fishes, new species, family diagnosis, functional morphology, feeding behaviour, dental morphology, lungfish

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review