Brazil’s new president and “ruralists” threaten Amazonia’s environment, traditional peoples and the global climate
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Jair Bolsonaro (Brazil’s new president) and “ruralists” (large landholders and their representatives) have initiated a series of measures that threaten Amazonia’s environment and traditional peoples, as well as global climate. These include weakening the country’s environmental agencies and forest code, granting amnesty to deforestation, approving harmful agrochemicals, reducing protected areas, and denying the existence of anthropogenic climate change. Both the measures themselves and the expectation of impunity they encourage have spurred increased deforestation, which contributes to climate change and to land conflicts with traditional peoples. Countries and companies that import Brazilian beef, soy and minerals are stimulating these impacts.
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Illegal gold mining has had a sharp increase in the past years due to incentives from the federal government, mainly due to Bill 191/2020.
“recent studies carried out in the Amazon region indicate that illegal gold mining has had a sharp increase in the past years due to incentives from the federal government, mainly due to Bill 191/2020 presented by President Jair Bolsonaro to Parliament.”
From Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure from Fish Consumption in Munduruku Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
The paper’s main text says Bolsonaro wanted to open protected and Indigenous lands to mining, and that his supporters promoted this policy. It does not report a sharp increase in illegal gold mining, establish that government incentives caused one, or mention Bill 191/2020; searches for gold mining and the bill found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe increase in illegal gold mining is largely concentrated in indigenous areas, mainly affecting the Yanomami and Munduruku traditional territories.
“The situation becomes even more serious because this increase is largely concentrated in indigenous areas, mainly affecting the Yanomami and Munduruku traditional territories [20,25].”
From Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure from Fish Consumption in Munduruku Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
The main text reports increased attacks involving prospectors and proposals to open indigenous lands to mining, but it does not report an increase in illegal gold mining or where such an increase is concentrated. Searches for Yanomami, Munduruku, and gold mining found no passage identifying those territories as chiefly affected. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Arraut JM, Nobre CA, Barbosa HM, Obregon G, Marengo JA (2012) Aerial rivers and lakes: looking at large-scale moisture transport and its relation to Amazonia and to subtropical rainfall in South America. Journal of Climate 25: 543-556.
- D'Almeida C, Vorosmarty CJ, Hurtt GC, Marengo JA, Dingman SL, Keim BD (2007) The effects of deforestation on the hydrological cycle in Amazonia: a review on scale and resolution. International Journal of Climatology 27: 633-647.
- Fearnside PM (2017) Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. ed. H Shugart. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press [www document]. URL https:// oxfordre.com/environmentalscience/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414. 001.0001/acrefore-9780199389414-e-102?print=pdf · DOI
- Ferreira LV, Venticinque E, de Almeida SS (2005) O desmatamento na Amazônia e a importância das áreas protegidas. Estudos Avançados 19(53): 157-166 [www document]. URL http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ea/v19n53/24086.pdf
- Lucas Ferrante and Philip M Fearnside https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892919000213 Published online by Cambridge University Press INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) (2019) Alertas do DETER na Amazônia em junho somam 2.072,03 km 2 . INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil [www document]. URL http://www.inpe.br/noticias/noticia.php? Cod_Noticia=5147 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014) Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. VR Barros, CB Field, DJ Dokken, MD Mastrandrea, KJ Mach, TE Bilir, M Chatterjee et al. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Soares-Filho BS, Moutinho P, Nepstad D, Anderson A, Rodrigues H, Garcia R, Dietzsch L et al. (2010) Role of Brazilian Amazon protected areas in climate change mitigation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 10821-10826.
- Soterroni AC, Mosnier A, Carvalho AXY, Câmara G, Obersteiner M, Andrade PR, Souza RC et al. (2018) Future environmental and agricultural impacts of Brazil's Forest Code. Environmental Research Letters 13: 074021.
- Vitel CSMN, Fearnside PM, Graça PMLA (2009) Análise da inibição do desma- tamento pelas áreas protegidas na parte Sudoeste do Arco de desmatamento. In: Anais XIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Natal, Brasil 2009, eds. JCN Epiphanio, LS Galvão, pp. 6377-6384. São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) [www document]. URL http://marte.sid.inpe.br/col/dpi.inpe.br/sbsr%4080/ 2008/11.13.14.42/doc/6377-6384.pdf
- Walker R, Moore NJ, Arima E, Perz S, Simmons C, Caldas M, Vergara D, Böhrer C (2009) Protecting the Amazon with protected areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106: 10582-10586.
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Vasconcellos, A. C. S. D., Hallwass, G., Bezerra, J. G., Aciole, A. N. S., Meneses, H. N. D. M., Lima, M. D. O., Jesus, I. M. D., Hacon, S. D. S., & Basta, P. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18157940 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Food systems and access to healthy food in an Amazonian context
Maluf, R. S., Burlandy, L., Cintrão, R. P., Tribaldos, T., & Jomalinis, E. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16072652 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Norris, D., Sabadini Carvalho, T., Guerrero, A. M., Sobral Escada, M. I., Alencar, A., Kimbrough, L., & Butler, R. A. (2022) · Tropical Conservation Science · doi:10.1177/19400829221132193 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ferrante, L., & Fearnside, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Ferrante, Lucas
- Venue
- Environmental Conservation
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2019-07-24
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 261-263
- ISSN
- 0376-8929 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-4387
- OpenAlex
- W2964076651
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 10 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 27.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Environmental Conservation (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
- Keywords
- Jair Bolsonaro, ruralists, Amazon deforestation, environmental policy, Forest Code, agrochemicals, protected areas, climate change denial, impunity, traditional communities, land disputes, beef imports, mineral imports, global climate
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