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The importance of timing: The varying impact of childhood and adolescent maltreatment on multiple problem outcomes
Abstract
A substantial body of literature suggests that childhood maltreatment is related to negative outcomes during adolescence, including delinquency, drug use, teenage pregnancy, and school failure. There has been relatively little research examining the impact that variation in the developmental stage during which the maltreatment occurs has on these relationships, however. In this paper, we reassess the impact of maltreatment on a number of adverse outcomes when developmentally specific measures of maltreatment—maltreatment that occurs only in childhood, only in adolescence, or in both childhood and adolescence—are considered. Data are drawn from the Rochester Youth Development Study, a broad-based longitudinal study of adolescent development. The analysis examines how maltreatment affects delinquency, drug use, alcohol-related problems, depressive symptoms, teen pregnancy, school dropout, and internalizing and externalizing problems during adolescence. We also examine whether the type of maltreatment experienced at various developmental stages influences the outcomes. Overall, our results suggest that adolescent and persistent maltreatment have stronger and more consistent negative consequences during adolescence than does maltreatment experienced only in childhood.
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“Neglect experienced during childhood has been associated with higher levels of conduct problem behavior (Thornberry et al, 2001).”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Thornberry et al, 2001
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Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61706-7 · Cited by 3,876
McLaughlin, K. A., Greif Green, J., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2277 · Cited by 992
“This limitation is especially important because the associations of CAs with psychopathology may vary depending on the timing of exposure.(44,45) Fourth, the NCS-A lacks information on the frequency or severity of CAs.”
Age of onset of child maltreatment predicts long-term mental health outcomes
Kaplow, J. B., & Widom, C. S. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.176 · Cited by 639
Lereya, S. T., Copeland, W. E., Costello, E. J., & Wolke, D. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00165-0 · Cited by 590
Early Physical Abuse and Later Violent Delinquency: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Lansford, J. E., Miller-Johnson, S., Berlin, L. J., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (2007) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559507301841 · Cited by 523
Metadata
- Authors
- THORNBERRY, T. P., IRELAND, T. O., & SMITH, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University at Albany, State University of New York (US)
- Niagara University (US)
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 957-979
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- OpenAlex
- W2143902462
- Cited by
- 579
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 6.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p30hd032041-05)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA005512, 5 R01 DA05512-02)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30 HD32041)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- child abuse, adolescent maltreatment, developmental stages, delinquency, adolescent drug use, alcohol-related problems, depressive symptoms, adolescent pregnancy, school dropout, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, Rochester Youth Development Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Child Abuse, Child Behavior Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, New York, Personality Development, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Risk Factors, Student Dropouts, Substance-Related Disorders
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