Cited by 171Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumBirth, Development, and HealthChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Prenatal influences on temperament development: The role of environmental epigenetics

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Gartstein, Maria A., Skinner, Michael K.·2018·Development and Psychopathology

DOI 10.1017/s0954579417001730PMC PMC5997513

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Abstract

This review summarizes current knowledge and outlines future directions relevant to questions concerning environmental epigenetics and the processes that contribute to temperament development. Links between prenatal adversity, epigenetic programming, and early manifestations of temperament are important in their own right, also informing our understanding of biological foundations for social–emotional development. In addition, infant temperament attributes represent key etiological factors in the onset of developmental psychopathology, and studies elucidating their prenatal foundations expand our understanding of developmental origins of health and disease. Prenatal adversity can take many forms, and this overview is focused on the environmental effects of stress, toxicants, substance use/psychotropic medication, and nutrition. Dysregulation associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity–disruptive disorders was noted in the context of maternal substance use and toxicant exposures during gestation, as well as stress. Although these links can be made based on the existing literature, currently few studies directly connect environmental influences, epigenetic programming, and changes in brain development/behavior. The chain of events starting with environmental inputs and resulting in alterations to gene expression, physiology, and behavior of the organism is driven by epigenetics. Epigenetics provides the molecular mechanism of how environmental factors impact development and subsequent health and disease, including early brain and temperament development.

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Authors: Gartstein, M. A., & Skinner, M. K.
Affiliations: Washington State University (US)
Corresponding author: Gartstein, Maria A.
Skinner, Michael K.
ORCID: Gartstein, Maria A.
Skinner, Michael K.
Venue: Development and Psychopathology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2017-12-12
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 1269-1303
ISSN: 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
1469-2198
DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001730
PMC: PMC5997513
OpenAlex: W2773730878
Cited by: 161
References: 263
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6
FWCI: 3.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: John Templeton Foundation
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES012974)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: prenatal influences, infant temperament, environmental epigenetics, epigenetic programming, prenatal adversity, maternal stress, toxic exposure, maternal substance use, prenatal nutrition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental origins of health and disease, social-emotional development, early brain development
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child Development, Female, Humans, Infant, Learning, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Temperament, Epigenesis, Genetic

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Prenatal influences on temperament development: The role of environmental epigenetics

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