The effects of human disturbance on Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus behaviour and breeding success
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Magellanic Penguins Spheniscus magellanicus along the Patagonian coast, Argentina, are increasingly exposed to human activities, especially to a growing tourist industry. We quantified the effects of human visitation and disturbance on the behaviour and breeding of Magellanic Penguins. Nesting penguins differed in their response to human approach, allowing a significantly closer approach before responding with threat and defensive displays in the tourist area than in areas rarely visited by people. When approached during incubation, no penguins abandoned their nest. Breeding success and fledgling weights were similar in the tourist area and non-tourist areas. Magellanic Penguins appear to be tolerant of human visitation, and penguins breeding in the tourist area become accustomed to people walking among their nests. We suggest visitation may be compatible with penguin reproduction if visits are controlled. El Pingüino de Magallanes Spheniscus magellanicus de las costas patagónicas de la Argentina, esta expuesto a las crecientes actividades humanas, especialmente el aumento de la demanda turistica. Se han cuantificado los efectos de las visitas y molestias del hombre en el comportamiento y reproducción de la especie. Los pingüinos mostraron diferencias en su respuesta frent a la proximidad humana, permitiendo un acercamiento signifi-cativamente mayor antes de responder con actitudes defensivas en áreas frecuentadas por los turistas en comparicion con aquellas rara vez visitadas. La proximidad humana durante la época de incubación no supuso en ninguna ocasión el abandono de nidos. El éxito reproductive y los pesos de los jóvenes al abandonar el nido resultaron similares en a l zona turística y en la menos frecuentada. El Pingüino de Magallanes parece tolerar la presencia del hombre, y aquellos que nidifican en el área turistica se habitúan a los visitantes que caminan entre sus nidos. Sugerimos que las visitas pueden ser compatibles con la reproducción de la especie siempre y cuando las mismas estén controladas.
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The difference between our results and the previous study may be due to broad species differences in response, both physiologically and behaviorally, to human presence.
“This difference may be due to broad species differences in response, both physiologically and behaviorally, to human presence, e.g., [38,39,40,41].”
From Evaluating the Behavior and Temperament of African Penguins in a Non-Contact Animal Encounter Program (2019) · cites this paper as [39]
The Discussion (page not provided) contrasts Magellanic Penguins’ behavioral tolerance of people with that of most seabirds and discusses heart-rate responses reported in other birds. It does not establish broad differences between species in physiological responses; its own measured differences concern Magellanic Penguins with different levels of human exposure. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome penguin species in the wild have been found to habituate to human contact, depending on previous experience and the amount of exposure to humans.
“In contrast, some penguin species in the wild have been found to habituate to human contact, depending on previous experience and the amount of exposure to humans [10,11,12].”
From Effects of Regulating Visitor Viewing Proximity and the Intensity of Visitor Behaviour on Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) Behaviour and Welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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African Penguin tolerance to humans depends on historical exposure at colony level
PICHEGRU, L., EDWARDS, T. B., DILLEY, B. J., FLOWER, T. P., & RYAN, P. G. (2016) · Bird Conservation International · doi:10.1017/s0959270915000313 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yorio, P., & Boersma, P. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Bird Conservation International
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1992-09
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 161-173
- ISSN
- 0959-2709 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-0001
- OpenAlex
- W2008706350
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Bird Conservation International (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Keywords
- Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus, human disturbance, tourism, breeding success, nest abandonment, incubation, human tolerance, Patagonian coast, tourist visitation
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