Interpersonal Processes and Hearing Voices: A Study of the Association Between Relating to Voices and Distress in Clinical and Non-Clinical Hearers
Abstract
Background: Previous research suggests that the distress experienced by clinical voice hearers is associated with the perceived relationship between voice and hearer, independent of beliefs about voices and depression. Aims: This study aimed to replicate these findings and generate further hypotheses by comparing the voice hearing experiences of clinical and non-clinical hearers. Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative design was employed and used between-subjects and correlational methods. Thirty-two clinical voice hearers and 18 non-clinical voice hearers were assessed using the PSYRATS, the Voice and You questionnaire, the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire – Revised, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Results: For clinical voice hearers, distress was significantly associated with perceptions of the voice as dominating and intrusive, and hearers distancing themselves from the voice. However, these associations were not independent of beliefs about voices’ omnipotence or malevolence. Non-clinical voice hearers were significantly less distressed than clinical voice hearers and voices were perceived as less dominant, intrusive, malevolent and omnipotent. Non-clinical hearers were found to relate from a position of less distance to voices perceived as benevolent. Conclusions: Findings from previous research were only partially replicated. Clinically, the development of less maladaptive relationships between voice and voice hearer may reduce distress.
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In cases of feelings of inferiority and defectiveness concerning the self, this is mirrored in the voice being experienced as powerful, dominant, harming, and intrusive.
“for instance, in case of feelings of inferiority and defectiveness concerning the self, this is mirrored in the voice being experienced as powerful, dominant, harming, and intrusive [52].”
From The “common” experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Sorrell, E., Hayward, M., & Meddings, S.
- Affiliations
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hayward, Mark
- Venue
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-11-02
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-140
- ISSN
- 1352-4658 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1833
- OpenAlex
- W2110774672
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- voice hearing, interpersonal processes, distress, replication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attitude, Cross-Sectional Studies, Culture, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Observer Variation, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Young Adult
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