A Qualitative Study to Explore Patients’, Carers’ and Health Professionals’ Views to Culturally Adapt CBT for Psychosis (CBTp) in Pakistan
Abstract
Background Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) has an established evidence base and is recommended by the national organizations in United Kingdom and the United States. CBT remains under utilized in low and middle income countries. CBT was developed in the west and it has been suggested that it is underpinned by western values. It therefore follows that to make CBT accessible for non western clients, it needs adapting into a given culture. Aims Our aim was to develop guidelines for adapting CBT for psychosis in Pakistan by incorporating the views of the patients, their carers and mental health professionals. Method We conducted a series of qualitative studies in Pakistan to adapt CBT for psychosis (a total of 92 interviews). The data were analyzed by systematic content and question analysis. Analysis started by identifying emerging themes and categories. Themes emerging from the analyses of interviews by each interviewer were compared and contrasted with others interviewers constantly. Triangulation of themes and concepts was undertaken to further compare and contrast the data from the different participating groups. Results The results of these studies highlighted the barriers in therapy as well as strengths while working with this patient group. Patients and their carers in Pakistan use a bio-psycho-spiritual-social model of illness. They seek help from various sources. Therapists make minor adjustments in therapy. Conclusions The findings from this study will help therapist…
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Providers of psychosocial interventions frequently modify interventions for a variety of reasons, including perceived client preferences, providers' preferences or self-efficacy, and efforts to maintain a good therapeutic alliance.
“Providers of psychosocial interventions frequently modify interventions for a variety of reasons, including perceived client preferences, providers’ preferences or self-efficacy [54], and efforts to maintain a good therapeutic alliance [55–58].”
From The FRAME: an expanded framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions (2019) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Naeem, F., Habib, N., Gul, M., Khalid, M., Saeed, S., Farooq, S., Munshi, T., Gobbi, M., Husain, N., Ayub, M., & Kingdon, D.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (PK)
- Pakistan Association of Cognitive Therapists (PK)
- University of Staffordshire (GB)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Naeem, Farooq
- ORCID
- Venue
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2014-09-02
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-55
- ISSN
- 1352-4658 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1833
- OpenAlex
- W2044951543
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 14.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Cultural Competency in Health Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis, cultural adaptation of psychotherapy, psychosis, Pakistan, patient and caregiver perspectives, help-seeking, barriers to treatment, low- and middle-income countries, cross-cultural psychotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Pakistan, Patients, Psychotic Disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Caregivers, Qualitative Research, Cultural Competency
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