Dichotomizing rating scale scores in psychiatry: a bad idea?

Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

Lieberman, J. A., Stroup, T. S., McEvoy, J. P., Swartz, M. S., Rosenheck, R. A., Perkins, D. O., Keefe, R. S. E., Davis, S. M., Davis, C. E., Lebowitz, B. D., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051688 · Cited by 5,892 · see citing works

The cost of dichotomising continuous variables

Altman, D. G., & Royston, P. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1080 · Cited by 2,688 · see citing works

Interpreting treatment effects in randomised trials

Guyatt, G. H., Juniper, E. F., Walter, S. D., Griffith, L. E., & Goldstein, R. S. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7132.690 · Cited by 516 · see citing works

Efficacy of antidepressants in adults

Moncrieff, J., & Kirsch, I. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7509.155 · Cited by 329 · see citing works

Effectiveness of paroxetine in the treatment of acute major depression in adults: a systematic re-examination of published and unpublished data from randomized trials

Barbui, C., Furukawa, T. A., & Cipriani, A. (2007) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.070693 · Cited by 121 · see citing works

Explanatory and pragmatic trials

Barbui, C., Veronese, A., & Cipriani, A. (2007) · Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00004735 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Developing clinical prediction models: a step-by-step guide

Efthimiou, O., Seo, M., Chalkou, K., Debray, T., Egger, M., & Salanti, G. (2024) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-078276 · Cited by 544 · see citing works

Unilateral and bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials over 2 decades

Sehatzadeh, S., Daskalakis, Z. J., Yap, B., Tu, H.-A., Palimaka, S., Bowen, J. M., & O’Reilly, D. J. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.180056 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Does the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – self report yield invariant measurements across different nations? Data from the International Child Mental Health Study Group

Stevanović, D., Urbán, R., Atilola, O., Vostanis, P., Balhara, Y. P. S., Avicenna, M., Kandemır, H., Knez, R., Franić, T., & Petrov, P. (2014) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796014000201 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5): a psychometric study of adolescents sampled from communities in eleven countries

Đorić, A., Stevanović, D., Stupar, D., Vostanis, P., Atilola, O., Moreira, P., Dodig‐Ćurković, K., Franić, T., Davidović, N., Avicenna, M., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1605282 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Personality Traits, Perceived Stress, and Tinnitus-Related Distress in Patients With Chronic Tinnitus: Support for a Vulnerability-Stress Model

Biehl, R., Boecking, B., Brüeggemann, P., Grosse, R., & Mazurek, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03093 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Suicidal Ideation in People With Psychosis Not Taking Antipsychotic Medication: Do Negative Appraisals and Negative Metacognitive Beliefs Mediate the Effect of Symptoms?

Hutton, P., Rienzo, F. D., Turkington, D., Spencer, H. M., & Taylor, P. J. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby153 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome with rosuvastatin: A multicenter randomized controlled pilot trial (SAVER)

Delluc, A., Ghanima, W., Kovacs, M. J., Shivakumar, S., Kahn, S. R., Sandset, P. M., Kearon, C., Mallick, R., & Rodger, M. A. (2022) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2022.03.014 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Efficacy of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Zhou, S., & Fang, Y. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12070943 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

The number of response categories in ordered response models

Iannario, M., Monti, A. C., & Scalera, P. (2021) · The International Journal of Biostatistics · doi:10.1515/ijb-2021-0013 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Non-invasive brain stimulation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Qi, L., Wang, S., Li, X., Yu, Y., Wang, W., Li, Q., Tian, Y., Bai, T., & Wang, K. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.046 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Development, Validation, and Clinical Utility of a Nomogram for Urological Tumors: How to Build the Best Predictive Model

Utsumi, T., Ishitsuka, N., Noro, T., Suzuki, Y., Iijima, S., Sugizaki, Y., Somoto, T., Oka, R., Endo, T., Kamiya, N., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/iju.70075 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Making the use of psychotropic drugs more rational through the development of GRADE recommendations in specialist mental healthcare

Ostuzzi, G., Bighelli, I., Carrara, B.-V., Dusi, N., Imperadore, G., Lintas, C., Nifosì, F., Nosè, M., Piazza, C., Purgato, M., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-7-14 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Childhood emotional maltreatment and sensitivity to social rejection in emerging adults

Euteneuer, F., Lass‐Hennemann, J., Pfundmair, M., Salzmann, S., & Kuehl, L. K. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106604 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Prediction of antipsychotics efficacy based on a polygenic risk score: a real-world cohort study

Pieri, M. D., Ferrari, M., Pistis, G., Gamma, F., Marino, F., von Gunten, A., Conus, P., Cosentino, M., & Eap, C. B. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1274442 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

The Actual Performance of ML/AI Models in Predicting Radiation-Induced Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ugwu, G. C., Jalali, F., Liu, G., Li, G., Langendijk, J. A., & Alizadeh, B. Z. (2025) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2025.111350 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation, cannabis, and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan: findings from a joint-effect modeling

Adeyinka, D. A., Novik, N., Novotná, G., Bartram, M. H., Gabrys, R. L., & Muhajarine, N. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05051-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Household Non-mortgage Debt and Depression in Older Adults in 22 Countries: What is the Role of Social Norms, Institutions and Macroeconomic Conditions?

Hiilamo, A. (2024) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-024-03314-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Biomarkers as predictors of CBT responsiveness in major depressive disorder: The role of heart rate variability and inflammation

Euteneuer, F., Neubert, M., Salzmann, S., Fischer, S., Ehlert, U., & Rief, W. (2024) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111885 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

How to distinguish promotion, prevention and treatment trials in public mental health? Study protocol for the development of the VErona-LUgano Tool (VELUT)

Purgato, M., Albanese, E., Papola, D., Prina, E., Tedeschi, F., Gross, A. L., Sijbrandij, M., Acartürk, C., Annoni, A. M., Silva, M., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082652 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Plus to reduce emotional dysregulation among young men in rural areas and urban informal settlements in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Nyoni, P., Tomita, A. M., Mkhwanazi, S., & Gibbs, A. (2024) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640241306062 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Stress Appraisal Measure: Investigating the Factor Structure and Validity in the French Language

Grimm, E., Francia, L., & Agrigoroaei, S. (2024) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911231223120 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Triadic shared decision making in emergency psychiatry: an explorative study

van Asperen, G. C. R., Ai, W., de Winter, R. F. P., & Mulder, C. L. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06640-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Factors Associated with Shared Decision-making and Decisional Conflicts among Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome – A Cross-sectional Study

Säwén, A., Odzakovic, E., Fridlund, B., Björk, M., & Broström, A. (2026) · Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior · doi:10.4103/shb.shb_388_25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Maternal common mental disorder symptoms and child nutritional outcomes: The role of caregiving practices among children aged 6–59 months

Marume, A., Archary, M., January, J., & Mahomed, S. (2026) · African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine · doi:10.4102/phcfm.v18i1.5369

The Actual Performance of AI/ML Models in Predicting Radiation-Induced Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPreprint

Ugwu, G., Jalali, F., Liu, G., Li, G., Langendijk, J. A., & Alizadeh, B. Z. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5355709

A robust framework for harmonising health measures across international cohorts: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemicPreprint

Lian, J., Zuccolo, P. F., Ebrahimi, O. V., Fatori, D., Adlakha, A., Hoz, J. D. L., Lee, Y. A., Carneiro, A. M., Benseñor, I. M., Lotufo, P. A., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.25335409

Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Injury Risk

Bryant, L. A., & Morrongiello, B. A. (2025) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-025-04193-5

Additional file 1 of Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation, cannabis, and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan: findings from a joint-effect modeling

Adeyinka, D. A., Novik, N., Novotná, G., Bartram, M. H., Gabrys, R. L., & Muhajarine, N. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23908786

Additional file 2 of Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation, cannabis, and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan: findings from a joint-effect modeling

Adeyinka, D. A., Novik, N., Novotná, G., Bartram, M. H., Gabrys, R. L., & Muhajarine, N. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23908789

The translation paradox: how full translation increases cognitive load and impairs medical vocabulary retention

Shen, Y., Li, F., Zhang, Q. P., Zhang, Y., Ren, Y., Liu, W. T., & Liu, Y. (2026) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-026-09472-5

Análise do questionário de saúde do paciente durante a pandemia da covid-19 via TRI

Santos-Souza, M. H., da Silva-Ferraz, B. F. P., Palhano, D. B., & Faro, A. (2026) · Psico · doi:10.15448/1980-8623.2026.1.47284

Harmonising Depression and Anxiety Measures Across International Cohorts: A Framework Validated Using Measurement Invariance

Lian, J., Zuccolo, P. F., Ebrahimi, O. V., Fatori, D., Adlakha, A., Hoz, J. D. L., Lee, Y. A., Carneiro, A. M., Benseñor, I. M., Lotufo, P. A., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.70102 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Efficacy of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder and the Role of Intensity: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis

Qi, L., Yu, Y., Pan, X., Jin, L., Gao, Z., Zhang, T., Wang, W., Wang, K., Li, Q., & Bai, T. (2026) · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY · doi:10.31083/ap47383

The use of Rating Scales in Clinical Research

Jacobsen, M. H. (1965) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.111.475.545 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Rating scales as outcome measures for clinical trials in neurology: problems, solutions, and recommendations

Hobart, J. C., Cano, S. J., Zajicek, J. P., & Thompson, A. J. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70290-9 · Cited by 495 · see citing works

Problems in the Use of Global Scores of Rating Scales in Psychiatric Research

Katschnig, H. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5049-9_38

Do rating scales objectify clinical impressions?

Wittenborn, J. R. (1967) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(67)80064-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Psychiatric rating scales in diagnostic assessment and clinical treatment.

Altman, E., Gilmore, C., Peterson, J., & Andriukaitis, S. M. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works