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Cited by 84Smoking Behavior and CessationMass Spectrometry Techniques and ApplicationsMetabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies

Characterizing the chemical landscape in commercial e-cigarette liquids and aerosols by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry

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Tehrani, Mina W., Newmeyer, Matthew N., Rule, Ana M., Prasse, Carsten·2021·Chemical Research in Toxicology
DOI 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00253PMC PMC11317110
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Abstract

The surge in electronic cigarette (e-cig) use in recent years has raised questions on chemical exposures that may result from vaping. Previous studies have focused on measuring known toxicants, particularly those present in traditional cigarettes, while fewer have investigated unknown compounds and transformation products formed during the vaping process in these diverse and constantly evolving products. The primary aim of this work was to apply liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemical fingerprinting techniques for the characterization of e-liquids and aerosols from a selection of popular e-cig products. We conducted nontarget and quantitative analyses of tobacco-flavored e-liquids and aerosols generated using four popular e-cig products: one disposable, two pod, and one tank/mod. Aerosols were collected using a condensation device and analyzed in solution alongside e-liquids by LC-HRMS. The number of compounds detected increased from e-liquids to aerosols in three of four commercial products, as did the proportion of condensed-hydrocarbon-like compounds, associated with combustion. Kendrick mass defect analysis suggested that some of the additional compounds detected in aerosols belonged to homologous series resulting from decomposition of high-molecular-weight compounds during vaping. Lipids in inhalable aerosols have been associated with severe respiratory effects, and lipid-like compounds were observed in aerosols as well as e-liquids analyzed. Six potentially hazardous additives and contaminants, including the industrial chemical tributylphosphine oxide and the stimulant caffeine, were identified and quantified in the e-cig liquids and aerosols analyzed. The obtained findings demonstrate the potential of nontarget LC-HRMS to identify previously unknown compounds and compound classes in e-cig liquids and aerosols, which is critical for the assessment of chemical exposures resulting from vaping.

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  • A 2021 study by researchers at Johns Hopkins University revealed that vaping aerosols contain nearly 2000 distinct chemicals.

    “Evidence-based international data, such as a 2021 study by researchers at Johns Hopkins University revealing that vaping aerosols contain nearly 2000 distinct chemicals”

    From Mobilizing for Health: A Case Study of Kazakhstan’s Vaping Ban Advocacy Campaign (2025) · cites this paper as [17]

    The Results and Discussion section reports compounds detected in e-cigarette aerosols and says the count increased after vaping for most products. The passages available from our copy do not give a count of nearly 2,000 distinct chemicals, so that numerical part of the claim is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Vaping is linked to serious health conditions such as EVALI, a severe respiratory illness responsible for multiple deaths globally.

    “It was crucial to emphasize the link between vaping and serious health conditions, such as EVALI, a severe respiratory illness responsible for multiple deaths globally [17].”

    From Mobilizing for Health: A Case Study of Kazakhstan’s Vaping Ban Advocacy Campaign (2025) · cites this paper as [17]

    The Introduction identifies the 2019 EVALI outbreak as an example of health effects associated with vaping, and the Abstract links compounds in inhalable aerosols to severe respiratory effects. Neither passage reports deaths or establishes that EVALI caused multiple deaths globally. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tehrani, M. W., Newmeyer, M. N., Rule, A. M., & Prasse, C.
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Prasse, Carsten
ORCID
Venue
Chemical Research in Toxicology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2021-10-05
Volume
34
Issue
10
Pages
2216-2226
ISSN
  • 0893-228X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5010
DOI
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00253
PMC
PMC11317110
OpenAlex
W3202533999
Cited by
84
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 3
FWCI
8.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Chemical Research in Toxicology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES030025, T32ES007141)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Keywords
electronic cigarettes, e-liquids, chemical fingerprinting, non-targeted analysis, Kendrick mass defect analysis, homologous series, lipid-like compounds, tributylphosphine oxide, caffeine, chemical exposure assessment
MeSH terms
Aerosols, Chromatography, Liquid, Flavoring Agents, Mass Spectrometry, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

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