The DOI matches its Crossref record; 479 of the 550 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Alternative Monomers Based on Lignocellulose and Their Use for Polymer Production
Open accessAbstract
Polymeric materials play a key role in modern industry. Owing to outstanding and very versatile properties of polymers, they have rather quickly occupied the great niche of commodities. World plastic production is continuously growing from 1.7 Mton/year in 1950 to 288 Mton/year in 2012. Fossil sources are still required for production of the major part of polymers, as only 5% of chemicals are currently produced from renewable feedstocks. Nevertheless, the application of natural chemicals as feedstocks for the manufacture of polymers is steadily increasing. Different motivations induce such a high interest toward new biobased materials. First of all, the global depletion of petroleum resources and their uneven spread over the world stimulate the rational use of biomass as a renewable and ubiquitous resource. Additionally, overwhelming of dumps with nondegradable plastics causes serious ecological problems, stimulating the developments toward new biodegradable materials. Here we have to point at the distinction between the terms “biobased” and “biodegradable”. Biobased products are manufactured from renewable sources, but several examples of biobased and nonbiodegradable products, e.g., biopolyethylene, biopolyamide 11, exist. It should be noted that each new material has to be tested for biodegradability before it can be claimed to be so. For example, linear polymers produced from itaconic acid are biodegradable, but cross-linking of the polymer chains slows down the biodegradation
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Transition to non-food sources such as lignocellulosic biomass is an important direction to lower the production costs [78][79][80] and to avoid resource competition with the food supply.”
From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [79]
Citations
Cites
Items 401–479 of 479
Xiong, R., Sandler, S. I., Vlachos, D. G., & Dauenhauer, P. J. (2014) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c4gc00727a · Cited by 41
Structure and Molecular Dynamics in Renewable Polyamides from Dideoxy–Diamino Isohexide
Jasińska-Walc, L., Dudenko, D., Różański, A., Thiyagarajan, S., Sowiński, P., van Es, D. S., Shu, J., Hansen, M. R., & Koning, C. E. (2012) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma301091a · Cited by 41
Synthesis of Isoidide through Epimerization of Isosorbide using Ruthenium on Carbon
Nôtre, J. L., van Haveren, J., & van Es, D. S. (2013) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201200714 · Cited by 41
Novel catalysts for valorization of biomass to value-added chemicals and fuels
Lucas, N. S., KANNA, N. R., Nagpure, A. S., Kokate, G. D., & Satyanarayana, C. V. V. (2014) · Journal of Chemical Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12039-014-0577-0 · Cited by 40
Wright, L. W., & Brandner, J. D. (1964) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jo01033a043 · Cited by 40
Huang, L., Zhu, Y., Zheng, H., Du, M., & Li, Y. (2008) · Applied Catalysis A General · doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2008.07.031 · Cited by 40
Furan-based poly(esteramide)s by bulk copolycondensation
Triki, R., Abid, M., Tessier, M., Abid, S., Gharbi, R. E., & Fradet, A. (2013) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.04.014 · Cited by 40
Hexitol Anhydrides.1 1,4,3,6-Dianhydro-L-iditol and the Structures of Isomannide and Isosorbide
Fletcher, H. G., & Goepp, R. M. (1946) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01210a007 · Cited by 40
Takasu, A., Ito, M., Inai, Y., Hirabayashi, T., & Nishimura, Y. (1999) · Polymer Journal · doi:10.1295/polymj.31.961 · Cited by 39
Soybean Oil–Isosorbide‐Based Waterborne Polyurethane–Urea Dispersions
Xia, Y., & Larock, R. C. (2011) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201000411 · Cited by 39
Two-Step Conversion of Biomass-Derived Glucose with High Concentration over Cu–Cr Catalysts
Xiao, Z., Jin, S., Sha, G., Williams, C. T., & Liang, C. (2014) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie5012189 · Cited by 39
Wei, Z., Zhou, C. Y., Yu, Y., & Li, Y. (2015) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra04761g · Cited by 38
New coating systems based on vinyl ether- and oxetane-modified hyperbranched polyesters
Schmaljohann, D., Voit, B. I., Jansen, J. F. G. A., Hendriks, P., & Loontjens, J. A. (2000) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/(sici)1439-2054(20000201)275:1 · Cited by 38
1,4;3,6-HEXITOL DIANHYDRIDE L-ISOIDIDE
Fletcher, H. G., & Goepp, R. M. (1945) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01222a513 · Cited by 38
Chum, H. L. (1999) · Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy · doi:10.1007/s100980050011 · Cited by 37
Studies on the Furan Seies. Part I. The Acidic Condensation of Aldehydes with Methyl 2-Furoate.
Pennanen, S. I., Nyman, G., Liminga, R., Nilsson, K., & Nimmich, W. (1972) · Acta chemica Scandinavica/Acta chemica Scandinavica. B, Organic chemistry and biochemistry/Acta chemica Scandinavica. A, Physical and inorganic chemistry/Acta chemica Scandinavica. Series B. Organic chemistry and biochemistry/Acta chemica Scandinavica. Series A, Physical and inorganic chemistry · doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.26-1018 · Cited by 37
Abid, S., Gharbi, R. E., & Gandini, A. (2004) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.06.046 · Cited by 37
γ,γ-Bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-valeric Acid
Bader, A. R., & Kontowicz, A. D. (1954) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01646a053 · Cited by 37
Bio-based, amorphous polyamides with tunable thermal properties
van Velthoven, J. L. J., Gootjes, L., Noordover, B. A. J., & Meuldijk, J. (2015) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.040 · Cited by 36
Green Polymer Precursors from Biomass-Based Levulinic Acid
Chalid, M., Heeres, H. J., & Broekhuis, A. A. (2012) · Procedia Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.proche.2012.06.036 · Cited by 36
Bio-based Polymers and Materials
Berezina, N., & Martelli, S. M. (2014) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781782620181-00001 · Cited by 35
He, X., Wang, Y., & Wu, G. (2012) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.06.051 · Cited by 35
Simultaneous hydrolysis and hydrogenation of cellobiose to sorbitol in molten salt hydrate media
Li, J., Soares, H. S. M. P., Moulijn, J. A., & Makkee, M. (2013) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/c3cy20808g · Cited by 34
Schmitt, M., Falivene, L., Caporaso, L., Cavallo, L., & Chen, E. Y. ‐. (2014) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c3py01579c · Cited by 34
Burgess, S. K., Mubarak, C. R., Kriegel, R. M., & Koros, W. J. (2014) · Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics · doi:10.1002/polb.23648 · Cited by 33
Modulation of furanic-sulfonated isophthalic copolyesters properties through diols units control
Bougarech, A., Abid, M., Boisson, F., Abid, S., Gharbi, R. E., & Fleury, É. (2014) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.06.018 · Cited by 32
Wang, X., Wu, F., Yao, S., Jiang, Y., Guan, J., & Mu, X. (2012) · Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1246/cl.2012.476 · Cited by 32
Bougarech, A., Abid, M., Gouanvé, F., Espuche, É., Abid, S., Gharbi, R. E., & Fleury, É. (2013) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.072 · Cited by 32
Aminoalcohols Containing the 8-Oxa-3-azabicyclo [3.2.1]octane Ring System and Their Benzoates
Cope, A. C., & Baxter, W. N. (1955) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01607a049 · Cited by 32
Gharbi, S., Afli, A., Gharbi, R. E., & Gandini, A. (2001) · Polymer International · doi:10.1002/pi.648 · Cited by 31
Green Solvent for Flash Pyrolysis Oil Separation
Deng, L., Yan, Z., Fu, Y., & Guo, Q. (2009) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef9002268 · Cited by 31
Self-citationCopolyesters Containing Terephthalic and Bio‐Based Furanic Units by Melt‐Polycondensation
Abid, M., Kamoun, W., Gharbi, R. E., & Fradet, A. (2007) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.200700237 · Cited by 31
Hu, Y., Miyake, G. M., Wang, B., Cui, D., & Chen, E. Y. ‐. (2012) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201102677 · Cited by 31
Isosorbide based chiral polyurethanes: optical and thermal studies
Varkey, E. C., & Sreekumar, K. (2010) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-009-4177-1 · Cited by 31
Aqueous‐Phase Amination of Biogenic Isohexides by using Ru/C as a Solid Catalyst
Pfützenreuter, R., & Rose, M. (2015) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.201501077 · Cited by 31
Self-citationGharbi, S., & Gandini, A. (1999) · Acta Polymerica · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4044(19990801)50:8 · Cited by 30
Maktouf, L. B., Ghorbel, I., Afli, A., Abid, S., & Gandini, A. (2011) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-010-0441-4 · Cited by 29
Gowda, R. R., & Chen, E. Y. ‐. (2013) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/c3dt50430a · Cited by 29
Montgomery, R., & Wiggins, L. F. (1946) · Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) · doi:10.1039/jr9460000393 · Cited by 29
Dabral, S., Nishimura, S., & Ebitani, K. (2013) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201300939 · Cited by 28
Thiyagarajan, S., Wu, J., Knoop, R. J. I., van Haveren, J., Lutz, M., & van Es, D. S. (2014) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c4ra07896a · Cited by 27
The Structure of Vinyl Polymers. III.1 The Polymer from α-Angelica Lactone
Marvel, C. S., & Levesque, C. L. (1939) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01876a013 · Cited by 27
Kricheldorf, H. R., & Weidner, S. M. (2013) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.201200612 · Cited by 26
Song, P., Mao, X., Zhang, X., Zhu, X., & Wang, R. (2014) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c4ra01514b · Cited by 26
Rapid Conversion of Sorbitol to Isosorbide in Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids under Microwave Irradiation
Kamimura, A., Murata, K., Tanaka, Y., Okagawa, T., Matsumoto, H., Kaiso, K., & Yoshimoto, M. (2014) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201402655 · Cited by 26
New Method for the Synthesis of Difuranic Diamines and Tetrafuranic Tetra-Amines
Skouta, M., Lesimple, A., Bigot, Y. L., & Delmas, M. (1994) · Synthetic Communications · doi:10.1080/00397919408010569 · Cited by 26
Synthesis and biological activity of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-diazido-2,5-dideoxyhexitols
Kuszmann, J., & Medgyes, G. (1980) · Carbohydrate Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84675-3 · Cited by 25
Homo- and Co-Polycarbonates and Blends Derived from Diphenolic Acid
Moore, J. A., & Tannahill, T. (2001) · High Performance Polymers · doi:10.1088/0954-0083/13/2/326 · Cited by 25
Cawse, J. L., Stanford, J. L., & Still, R. H. (1984) · Die Makromolekulare Chemie · doi:10.1002/macp.1984.021850409 · Cited by 24
Direct cleavage of sorbitol from oligosaccharides via a sequential hydrogenation-hydrolysis pathway
Negahdar, L., Hausoul, P. J. C., Palkovits, S., & Palkovits, R. (2014) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.11.049 · Cited by 24
Self-citationSynthesis, characterization and properties of polycarbonate containing carboxyl side groups
Zhang, R., & Moore, J. A. (2003) · Macromolecular Symposia · doi:10.1002/masy.200350932 · Cited by 24
Hausoul, P. J. C., Tefera, S. D., Blekxtoon, J., Bruijnincx, P. C. A., Gebbink, R. J. M. K., & Weckhuysen, B. M. (2012) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/c2cy20522j · Cited by 24
Self-citationA preliminary study on polyhydrazides incorporating furan moieties
Afli, A., Gharbi, S., Gharbi, R. E., Bigot, Y. L., & Gandini, A. (2002) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(01)00237-3 · Cited by 23
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) terpolyesters containing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and isosorbide
Quintana, R., de Ilarduya, A. M., Alla, A., & Muñoz‐Guerra, S. (2012) · High Performance Polymers · doi:10.1177/0954008311429504 · Cited by 22
Grunskaya, E. P., Badovskaya, L. A., Посконин, В. В., & Yakuba, Y. F. (1998) · Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds · doi:10.1007/bf02251681 · Cited by 22
Choi, T., Han, K.-M., Park, J., Kim, D. H., Park, J., & Lee, S. (2010) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma1010638 · Cited by 21
Soluble Itaconic Acid–Ethylene Glycol Polyesters
RETUERT, J., Pedram, M. Y., Martínez, F., & Jeria‐Orell, M. (1993) · Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan · doi:10.1246/bcsj.66.1707 · Cited by 19
Wei, X., Liu, J., Yang, Y., & Deng, L. (2014) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c4ra07547a · Cited by 19
Self-citationKamoun, W., Salhi, S., Rousseau, B., Gharbi, R. E., & Fradet, A. (2006) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.200600390 · Cited by 18
A preliminary study of polyureas and poly(parabanic acid)s incorporating furan rings
Abid, S., Matoussi, S., Gharbi, R. E., & Gandini, A. (2006) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-006-0535-1 · Cited by 18
Xiu, Y., Chen, A., Liu, X., Chen, C., Chen, J., Guo, L., Zhang, R., & Hou, Z. (2015) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra01371b · Cited by 18
Polyterephthalates Bearing Bio-based Moieties
Abid, M., Abid, S., & Gharbi, R. E. (2012) · Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A · doi:10.1080/10601325.2012.703523 · Cited by 17
One-pot, one-step, catalytic synthesis of 2,5-diformylfuran from fructose
Tao, F., Cui, Y., Yang, P., & Gong, Y. (2014) · Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1134/s0036024414070152 · Cited by 16
2-Furyloxiranes III. Chain Extension with Different Polyols
Boufi, S., Belgacem, M. N., & Gandini, A. (1997) · Polymer Journal · doi:10.1295/polymj.29.479 · Cited by 14
Zhu, Y., Liu, X., Shen, M., Xia, Y., & Lu, M. (2014) · Catalysis Communications · doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2014.08.016 · Cited by 13
Synthesis of Polynitro-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes
Archibald, T., & Baum, K. (1989) · Synthetic Communications · doi:10.1080/00397918908051042 · Cited by 13
Xue, J., Cui, F., Huang, Z., Zuo, J., Chen, J., & Xia, C. (2011) · Chinese Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1002/cjoc.201180249 · Cited by 12
Jarraya, I., Abid, M., Abid, S., & Gharbi, R. E. (2013) · Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A · doi:10.1080/10601325.2013.813790 · Cited by 12
Tagle, L. H., Díaz, F. R., & Donoso, A. (1996) · Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A · doi:10.1080/10601329608010929 · Cited by 12
Poly(ester urethane)s derived from lactide, isosorbide, terephthalic acid, and various diisocyanates
Kricheldorf, H. R., Mix, R., & Weidner, S. M. (2014) · Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1002/pola.27069 · Cited by 12
NOWAKOWSKI, J. (1992) · Journal für praktische Chemie · doi:10.1002/prac.19923340218 · Cited by 12
Khrouf, A., Abid, M., Boufi, S., et al. (1998) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.1998.021991219 · Cited by 10
Ziemer, A., Eichhorn, K., Adam, G., Froeck, C., Voit, B. I., Kreitschmann, M., & Kierkus, P. C. (2003) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.200390101 · Cited by 9
Novel precursors suitable for RIM polyurethane networks
Cawse, J. L., Stanford, J. L., & Still, R. H. (1985) · British Polymer Journal · doi:10.1002/pi.4980170227 · Cited by 9
Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials for Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions
Hofman, M., & Pietrzak, R. (2012) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/2012/297654 · Cited by 9
Fawcett, A. H., Yau, T. F., Mulemwa, J. N., & Tan, C. E. (1987) · British Polymer Journal · doi:10.1002/pi.4980190214 · Cited by 8
van der Klis, H. (2012) · Lucide · doi:10.1007/s40408-012-0019-3 · Cited by 5
Furan-based Polysemiacylcarbazides by Polyaddition of Bis(furanic hydrazide)s with Diisocyanates
Ghorbel, I., Afli, A., Abid, S., Tessier, M., Gharbi, R. E., & Fradet, A. (2011) · Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A · doi:10.1080/10601325.2011.573317 · Cited by 4
Кузнецов, Б. Н., Чесноков, Н. В., Tarabanko, V. E., Kuznetsova, S. A., & Petrov, A. V. (2013) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/416/1/012021 · Cited by 2
Flagged first, then by citations
71 of the 550 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Shen, Product Overview and Market Projection of Emerging Bio-Based Plastics PRO-BIP 2009
- Shen, Product Overview and Market Projection of Emerging Bio-Based Plastics PRO-BIP 2009
- Petersen, 2004, Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass, 26
- McGraw, W. J. Lactone derivatives and method of making. U.S. Patent US 2,524,723, 1953.
- Bouchardat, 1875, Ann. Chim. Phys., 6, 100
- Fauconnier, 1884, Second anhydride of mannitol, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 41, 18
- 2012, Global Sorbitol Market─Isosorbide, Propylene Glycol, Glycerol & Other Downstream Opportunities, Applications (Toothpaste, Vitamin C, Sweetener Etc.), Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2012–2018
- Fletcher, 1945, 1,4;3,6-Hexitol dianhydride L-isoidide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 67, 1042, 10.1021/ja01222a513 · DOI
- Berezina, 2014, Renewable Resources for Biorefineries, 1
- Crank, 2004, Techno-economic Feasibility of Large-Scale Production of Bio-Based Polymers in Europe (PRO-BIP)
- Gruber, 2008, Biorefineries─Industrial Processes and Products, 381
- Voloch, 1985, Comprehensive Biotechnology, 933
- Li, 2012, One-pot catalytic hydrocracking of raw woody biomass into chemicals over supported carbide catalysts: simultaneous conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 6383, 10.1039/C1EE02684D · DOI
- Taraban’ko, 2010, New Biodegradable Polymers Based on α-Angelicalactone, Chem. Sustainable Dev., 18, 321
- Fenouillot, 2010, Polymers from renewable 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols (isosorbide, isomannide and isoidide): A review, Prog. Polym. Sci., 35, 578, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.10.001 · DOI · Paper page
- Wu, 2012, Semicrystalline Polyesters Based on a Novel Renewable Building Block, Macromolecules, 45, 5069, 10.1021/ma300782h · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sustainable polymers from renewable resources
Zhu, Y., Romain, C., & Williams, C. K. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21001 · Cited by 2,762
Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading
Schutyser, W., Renders, T., den Bosch, S. V., Koelewijn, S.-F., Beckham, G. T., & Sels, B. F. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00566k · Cited by 2,628
Bright Side of Lignin Depolymerization: Toward New Platform Chemicals
Sun, Z., Fridrich, B., Santi, A. D., Elangovan, S., & Barta, K. (2018) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00588 · Cited by 2,243
Recent updates on different methods of pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks: a review
Kumar, A. K., & Sharma, S. (2017) · Bioresources and Bioprocessing · doi:10.1186/s40643-017-0137-9 · Cited by 1,504
Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to Initial Platform Chemicals: Chemistry and Sustainability
Mika, L. T., Cséfalvay, E., & Németh, Á. (2017) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00395 · Cited by 1,342
Metadata
- Authors
- Delidovich, I., Hausoul, P. J. C., Deng, L., Pfützenreuter, R., Rose, M., & Palkovits, R.
- Affiliations
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- RWTH Aachen University , , Worringerweg 2 , ,
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-11-02
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1540-1599
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W2299843785
- Cited by
- 773
- References
- 550
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 42
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Technischen Universität Darmstadt (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt) (submittedVersion)
- Technischen Universität Darmstadt
- Funders
- Bayer (NA)
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (NA)
- Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (22024111)
- Max-Buchner-Forschungsstiftung (NA)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Keywords
- bio-based polymers, renewable raw materials, biodegradable polymers, biomass utilization, plastic waste, itaconic acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
