The DOI matches its Crossref record; 438 of the 438 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Global Nitrogen Cycle: Critical Enzymes, Organisms, and Processes for Nitrogen Budgets and Dynamics
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life's fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N available to organisms ("fixed" N). These interacting processes result in N acting as the proximate limiting nutrient in most surface environments. Here, we review the global biogeochemical cycle of N and its anthropogenic perturbation. We introduce important reservoirs and processes affecting N in the environment, focusing on the ocean, in which N cycling is more generalizable than in terrestrial systems, which are more heterogeneous. Particular attention is given to processes that create and destroy fixed N because these comprise the fixed N input/output budget, the most universal control on environmental N availability. We discuss preindustrial N budgets for terrestrial and marine systems and their modern-day alteration by N inputs from human activities. We summarize evidence indicating that the simultaneous roles of N as a required biomass constituent and an environmental redox intermediate lead to stabilizing feedbacks that tend to blunt the impact of N cycle perturbations at larger spatiotemporal scales, particularly in marine systems. As a result of these feedbacks, the anthropogenic "N problem" is distinct from the "carbon dioxide problem" in being more local and less global, more immediate and less persistent.
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Cites
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Cited by
The Making of a Heterocyst in Cyanobacteria
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Structural insights into the iron nitrogenase complex
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Investigating microbial and environmental drivers of nitrification in alkaline forest soil
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, X., Ward, B. B., & Sigman, D. M.
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-06-12
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5308-5351
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W3035089500
- Cited by
- 472
- References
- 438
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Zhang, X., Ward, B. B., & Sigman, D. M. (2020). Global Nitrogen Cycle: Critical Enzymes, Organisms, and Processes for Nitrogen Budgets and Dynamics. Chemical Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00613
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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