The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Plastic Products Leach Chemicals That Induce In Vitro Toxicity under Realistic Use Conditions
Open accessAbstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Plastic products contain complex mixtures of extractable chemicals that can be toxic. However, humans and wildlife will only be exposed to plastic chemicals that are released under realistic conditions. Thus, we investigated the toxicological and chemical profiles leaching into water from 24 everyday plastic products covering eight polymer types. We performed migration experiments over 10 days at 40 °C and analyzed the migrates using four in vitro bioassays and nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS E ). All migrates induced baseline toxicity, 22 an oxidative stress response, 13 antiandrogenicity, and one estrogenicity. Overall, between 17 and 8681 relevant chemical features were present in the migrates. In other words, between 1 and 88% of the plastic chemicals associated with one product were migrating. Further, we tentatively identified ∼8% of all detected features implying that most plastic chemicals remain unknown. While low-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyurethane induced most toxicological endpoints, a generalization for other materials is not possible. Our results demonstrate that plastic products readily leach many more chemicals than previously known, some of which are toxic in vitro . This highlights that humans are exposed to many more plastic chemicals than currently considered in public health science and policies.
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Cites
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Self-citationBenchmarking the in Vitro Toxicity and Chemical Composition of Plastic Consumer Products
Zimmermann, L., Dierkes, G., Ternes, T. A., Völker, C., & Wagner, M. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b02293 · Cited by 438
Self-citationMost Plastic Products Release Estrogenic Chemicals: A Potential Health Problem That Can Be Solved
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Cited by
Cai, Z., Li, M., Zhu, Z., Wang, X., Huang, Y., Li, T., Gong, H., & Yan, M. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071661 · Cited by 452
Untangling the chemical complexity of plastics to improve life cycle outcomes
Law, K. L., Sobkowicz, M. J., Shaver, M. P., & Hahn, M. E. (2024) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-024-00705-x · Cited by 78
Migration Studies and Endocrine Disrupting Activities: Chemical Safety of Cosmetic Plastic Packaging
Bou-Maroun, E., Dahbi, L., Dujourdy, L., Ferret, P.-J., & Chagnon, M.-C. (2023) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym15194009 · Cited by 5
Masseroni, A., Federico, L., Becchi, A., Quinto, M., Saliu, F., & Villa, S. (2026) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics14060502 · Cited by 2
Aqueous Eluates of Foamed Plastic Consumer Products may Induce High Toxicity to Aquatic Biota
Blinova, I., Lukjanova, A., Kahru, A., Aruoja, V., & Heinlaan, M. (2026) · Microplastics · doi:10.3390/microplastics5010049
Metadata
- Authors
- Zimmermann, L., Bartosova, Z., Braun, K., Oehlmann, J., Völker, C., & Wagner, M.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2021-08-17
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 11814-11823
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W3194179682
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 12.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- Zimmermann, L., Bartosova, Z., Braun, K., Oehlmann, J., Völker, C., & Wagner, M. (2021). Plastic Products Leach Chemicals That Induce In Vitro Toxicity under Realistic Use Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01103
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