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Transformation of Nitrogen and Evolution of N-Containing Species during Algae Pyrolysis
Abstract
Transformation and evolution mechanisms of nitrogen during algae pyrolysis were investigated in depth with exploration of N-containing products under variant temperature. Results indicated nitrogen in algae is mainly in the form of protein-N (∼90%) with some inorganic-N. At 400–600 °C, protein-N in algae cracked first with algae pyrolysis and formed pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and quaternary-N in char. The content of protein-N decreased significantly, while that of pyrrolic-N and quaternary-N increased gradually with temperature increasing. Pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N formation was due to deamination or dehydrogenation of amino acids; subsequently, some pyridinic-N converted to quaternary-N. Increasing temperature decreased amides content greatly while increased that of nitriles and N-heterocyclic compounds (pyridines, pyrroles, and indoles) in bio-oil. Amides were formed through NH 3 reacting with fatty acids, that underwent dehydration to form nitriles. Besides, NH 3 and HCN yields increased gradually. NH 3 resulted from ammonia-N, labile amino acids and amides decomposition, while HCN came from nitrile decomposition. At 700–800 °C, evolution trend of N-containing products was similar to that at 400–600 °C. While N-heterocyclic compounds in bio-oil mainly came from pyrifinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and quaternary-N decomposition. Moreover, cracking of pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N produced HCN and NH 3 . A mechanism of nitrogen transformation during algae pyrolysis is proposed based on amino acids decomposition.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, W., Yang, H., Chen, Y., Xia, M., Chen, X., & Chen, H.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-05-19
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 6570-6579
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2613377412
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 47
- FWCI
- 8.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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